Dilations

(enlargements or reductions)
These are just magnifications (if k > 1) or reductions (if 0 < k < 1).
If k is negative, then the object is inverted as well as being enlarged or
reduced.

The dilation matrices

are:
k 0 For a dilation in the direction of the x-axis

0 1

1 0 For a dilation in the direction of the y-axis

0 k
k 0 For a dilation in both directions (i.e. A dilation

0 k about O)
Example 1 Describe and draw the resulting shape when the triangle whose
vertices are (0,0), (4, 0) and (0, 4) is dilated by a factor of.

(a) 3 parallel to the x-axis

(b) 2 parallel to the y-axis
(c) 1.5 about the origin
(d) parallel to the x-axis
(e) 2 parallel to the y-axis
(a) 3 parallel to the x-axis

Matrix is 3 0

0 1

Triangle has same

height, but base is
tripled in length i.e. the
dimension of the
shape is tripled in the
x-direction, but
unaltered in the y-
direction.
(b) 2 parallel to the y-axis

Matrix is 1 0

0 2

Triangle has same

base, but height is
doubled. i.e. the
dimension of the
shape is doubled in
the y-direction, but
unaltered in the x-
direction.
(c) 1.5 about the origin

Matrix is 1.5 0

0
1.5

Triangle has both base

and height multiplied
by 1.5 . i.e. BOTH
dimensions are
multiplied by 1.5
(d) parallel to the x-axis

Matrix is 0.5 0

0
1

Triangle has base

halved and height
remains the same. i.e.
dimension in x-
direction is halved and
y-dimension unaltered
(e) 2 parallel to the y-axis
Matrix is 1 0
0 2

Base remains same,

height is doubled and
shape is inverted. The
2 inverts the shape ,
reflecting it through
the x-axis before
doubling the y-
dimension
Example 2 Find the equation of the image when the parabola y = (x 1)2
is dilated about O by a factor of 2 .

Solution Let (x, y) be any point on y = (x 1)2 and (x, y) its image under a
dilation of 2.

x' 2 0 x

y ' 0 2 y

x 1 2 0 x'

y 4 0 2 y '

x=x
y= y

Subst into original equation

y = ( x 1)2
i.e. y = 2 ( x + 1)2
 Type 6 Shears
Investigation

Matrices of these 2 types produce SHEARS. Note b and c are the influential
terms here.

1 k 1 0
and
0 1 k 1

Compare to DILATIONS where it is the a and d numbers that vary and

produce enlargements or reductions either vertically or horizontally.

Like dilations, the matrices for shears are variations on the UNIT MATRIX
Example Find the result when the square whose vertices are (0, 0), (0, 2),
(2, 0) and (2, 2) is transformed by the matrices .

1 2
(a)
0 1

1 0
(b)
3 1