THREE PHASE SYNCHRONOUS

GENERATOR
Group Members:

Tsalaile Bakang

Kagiso William

Thobo Tlhomelang

Somolekae B. Somolekae
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
A phase: an expression of relative displacement between or
among waves having the same frequency.
Generator: Generator is a machine that converts
mechanical energy into electrical energy. It works based on
principle of faraday law of electromagnetic induction.
Synchronous Generator: A synchronous generator is called
synchronous because the waveform of the generated
voltage is synchronized with the rotation of the generator.
Each peak of the sinusoidal waveform corresponds to a
physical position of the rotor.
 SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
CONSTRUCTION
GENERATOR CONSTRUCTION
- in synchronous generator, rotor winding energized by dc source
to develop rotor magnetic field
- rotor is turned by a prime mover, producing a rotating magnetic
field which induce 3 phase voltages in stator windings
In general rotor carry the field windings , while armature
windings (or stator windings) carry the main voltages of
machine
therefore:
- rotor windings field windings
- stator windings armature windings
 SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
CONSTRUCTION
Rotor experience varying magnetic fields,
therefore is constructed of thin laminations to
reduce eddy current losses
To supply the rotor winding while it is rotating,
special arrangement employed to connect its
terminal to dc supply
1. supply dc power from an external dc source
to rotor by means of slip rings
2. supply dc power from a special dc power
source mounted on shaft of rotor
 SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
CONSTRUCTION
SLIP RINGS: are metal rings encircling shaft
and are insulated from it
- one end of rotor winding is connected to each
of the 2 slip rings
- and a stationary brush mounted on the
machine casing ride on each slip ring
Brush: a block of graphite like carbon
compound that conducts and has low friction
same dc voltage is applied to field winding
during rotation
Principle of Operation
Its characteristic feature is that the
armature rotates through a stationary
magnetic field, and the generated AC
is brought to the load by means of
slip rings and brushes.

The revolving-armature alternator is

found only in alternators of small
power rating and is not generally
used. This is because a rotating
armature requires slip rings and
brushes to conduct the current from
the armature to the load.
Principle of Operation
The revolving-field type alternator
has a stationary armature and a
rotating magnetic field.

The generated voltage can be

connected directly to the load
without having to pass across the
slip rings and brushes.
The voltage applied to generate the
rotating field is a small DC voltage
(called a field excitation voltage)
 APPLICATIONS
It is used in power houses and sub-stations in parallel to the bus
bars to improve power factor. For this purpose it is run without
mechanical load on it and over excited.
In factories having large number of induction motors or transformers
operating at lagging power factor, it is used for improving power
factor.
It is used to generate electric power at power station, one of the
most important application of synchronous machines.
it is used to control the voltage at the end of transmission line by
varying its excitation.
It is also used in rubber mills, textile mills, cement factories, air
compressors, centrifugal pumps which requiring constant speed.
It is used in motor gereator sets requiring constant speed.