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Cylinder Cone
Prisms Pyramids
Cube Tetrahedron
( A solid having ( A solid having
six square faces) 1
Four triangular faces)
SOLIDS
Dimensional parameters of different solids.
Sections of solids( top & base not parallel) Frustum of cone & pyramids.
( top & base parallel to each other) 2
STANDING ON H.P RESTING ON H.P LYING ON H.P
On its base. On one point of base circle. On one generator.
(Axis perpendicular to Hp (Axis inclined to Hp (Axis inclined to Hp
And // to Vp.) And // to Vp) And // to Vp)
X Y
While observing Fv, x-y line represents Horizontal Plane. (Hp)
er AXIS er AXIS
AXIS AXIS TO VP AXIS TO VP
INCLINED VP AXIS INCLINED INCLINED
INCLINED VP VP VP
5
Solution Steps :
Problem 1. A square pyramid, 40 Triangular face on Hp , means it is lying on Hp:
mm base sides and axis 60 mm long, 1.Assume it standing on Hp.
2.Its Tv will show True Shape of base( square)
has a triangular face on the ground 3.Draw square of 40mm sides with one side vertical Tv &
and the vertical plane containing the taking 50 mm axis project Fv. ( a triangle)
axis makes an angle of 450 with the 4.Name all points as shown in illustration.
5.Draw 2nd Fv in lying position I.e.ocd face on xy. And project its Tv.
VP. Draw its projections. Take apex 6.Make visible lines dark and hidden dotted, as per the procedure.
nearer to VP 7.Then construct remaining inclination with Vp
( Vp containing axis ic the center line of 2nd Tv.Make it 450 to xy as
shown take apex near to xy, as it is nearer to Vp) & project final Fv.
o
a1 b1
Y
X ab cd d1 c1 o1
a1
a d d1 a1
o1
o
b c c1 b1 (APEX
NEARER (APEX
TO V.P). AWAY
For dark and dotted lines
FROM V.P.)
1.Draw proper outline of new view DARK. 2. Decide direction of an observer.
3. Select nearest point to observer and draw all lines starting from it-dark. 6
4. Select farthest point to observer and draw all lines (remaining)from it- dotted.
Solution Steps:
Problem 2: Resting on Hp on one generator, means lying on Hp:
A cone 40 mm diameter and 50 mm axis 1.Assume it standing on Hp.
is resting on one generator on Hp 2.Its Tv will show True Shape of base( circle )
which makes 300 inclination with Vp 3.Draw 40mm dia. Circle as Tv &
taking 50 mm axis project Fv. ( a triangle)
Draw its projections. 4.Name all points as shown in illustration.
5.Draw 2nd Fv in lying position I.e.oe on xy. And
For dark and dotted lines
1.Draw proper outline of new vie project its Tv below xy.
DARK. 6.Make visible lines dark and hidden dotted,
2. Decide direction of an observer. as per the procedure.
3. Select nearest point to observer 7.Then construct remaining inclination with Vp
and draw all lines starting from ( generator o1e1 300 to xy as shown) & project final Fv.
it-dark.
4. Select farthest point to observer o
and draw all lines (remaining) a1
from it- dotted.
h1 b1
g1
f1 c1
X a hb c g f d e o
e1 d1 Y o1
30
g g1
g1 o1
h f f1 h1 h1
f1 a1
a e e1 a1 o1
e1 b1
b d d1 b1
12/3/2017 d1 7
c c1 c1