PRINCIPLES ,

COMPONENTS AND
OPERATION OF
GASOLINE ENGINE
 GASOLINE (PETROL) ENGINE

 A PETROL ENGINE IS AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION

ENGINE WITH SPARK-IGNITION, DESIGNED TO
RUN ON PETROL (GASOLINE ) AND SIMILAR
VOLATILE FUELS.
 IT WAS INVENTED ON 1876 IN GERMANY BY
GERMAN INVENTOR NIKOLAUS AUGUST OTTO
 THE PROCESS DIFFERS FROM A DIESEL ENGINE IN
THE METHOD OF MIXING THE FUEL AND AIR ,
AND IN USING SPARK PLUGS TO INITIATE THE
COMBUSTION PROCESS
 PRINCIPLE OF GASOLINE ENGINE

 A MIXTURE OF GAS OF THE FUEL AND THE AIR IS

COMPRESSED IN THE CYLINDER AT THE FIRST , AND THE GAS
EXPLODES BY USE OF IGNITION PLUG , AND GENERATES THE
OUTPUT POWER.
 COMPONENTS OF A GASOLINE ENGINE
 Carburetor : The carburetor mixes air
and gasoline in the proper proportion
before it is injected into the cylinder as
a mist.
 Piston: The ignition of the gasoline in
the cylinder pushes a piston outward
to crank the crankshaft. The piston
oscillates back and forth within the
cylinder.
 Spark Plug: The spark plug ignites the
gasoline, producing the explosion in
the cylinder. Old spark plugs can
impair ignition timing and, therefore,
fuel efficiency
 Camshaft : The camshaft is the shaft
with varying radii that pushes against
the spring-loaded exhaust and intake
valves to the cylinder in order to open
them.
 Crankshaft : Connecting rods attach
the pistons to the crankshaft. The
crankshaft, the main rotating shaft in
the engine, converts the linear
oscillations of the pistons into rotary
motion.
 OPERATION OF A GASOLINE ENGINE

 FOUR-STROKE CYCLE
 INTAKE STROKE

During intake stroke, inlet valve opens

and the piston moves downward. Only
air or a mixture of air and fuel are
drawn inside the cylinder.
 COMPRESSION STROKE

During this stroke the piston moves upward.

Both valves are in closed position. The
charge taken in the cylinder is compressed
by the upward movement of piston. If a
mixture of air and fuel is compressed in the
cylinder, as in case of petrol engine, the
mixture is ignited by a spark plug.
 POWER STROKE

After ignition of fuel, tremendous amount

of heat is generated, causing very high
pressure in the cylinder which pushes the
piston downward. The downward
movement of the piston at this instant is
called power stroke.
 EXHAUST STROKE

During this stroke piston moves upward.

Exhaust valve opens and exhaust gases go
out through exhaust valves opening. All the
burnt gases go out of the engine and the
cylinder becomes ready to receive the
fresh charge.
 OPERATION OF A GASOLINE ENGINE

 TWO-STROKE CYCLE
 FIRST STROKE

During the first stroke, the piston

moves downward from top dead
center (TDC) to bottom dead
center (BDC). It is the release of the
exhaust gases that drives the piston
downward.
 SECOND STROKE

The second stroke occurs as the

piston is moved upward from BDC
to TDC. As the piston moves up, it
closes the intake and exhaust ports.
This allows the piston to compress
the air-fuel mixture for combustion.
Reed valves are one-way
directional valves that allow the air-
fuel mixture to enter the crankcase.