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CONVERTERS
Module II
Lecture 9
AC-AC Voltage Controller Converter
Cycloconverter
There are two different types of thyristor control used in practice to control the ac
power
flow
On-Off control
Phase control
Only Phase control will be considered in this lecture.
Electromagnetic induction is unique because it actually generates heat inside the material that is heated, has
an immediate effect.
Compared to other heating techniques, it takes less time to heat and is more efficient and accurate.
Applications of Ac Choppers
Transformer tap changing On load tap changers
Tap changers offer variable control to maintain the supply voltage between certain limits. About 96% of all
power transformers today above 10MVA incorporate on load tap changers as a means of voltage regulation.
Applications of Ac Choppers
Speed control of induction motors
Half wave AC phase controller (Unidirectional Controller)
the half wave ac controller has the drawback of limited range RMS output voltage control. can result in
the problem of core saturation of the input supply transformer.
Ac power flow to the load can be controlled only in one half cycle. gives limited range of RMS
output voltage control
the half wave ac controller has input DC component and even order harmonics
Solution
Single Phase Full Wave Ac Chopper
Dr. Oday A. Ahmed
We can notice from the figure, that we obtain a much better output control characteristic by using a single
phase full wave ac voltage controller.
Solution In the case of a single phase full wave ac voltage controller circuit using a Triac with
resistive load, the average current =0. Because the Triac conducts in both the half cycles and the
current is alternating and we obtain a symmetrical thyristor current waveform which gives an
average value of zero on integration.
single phase full wave ac controller with a common cathode configuration
there are two power devices conducting at the same time the voltage drop across the ON devices increases and
the ON state conducting losses of devices increase and hence the efficiency decreases.
if there is a large inductance in the load circuit, thyristor T1 may not be turned OFF at the zero
crossing points, in every half cycle of input voltage and this may result in a loss of output control.
This would require detection of the zero crossing of the load current waveform in order to ensure
guaranteed turn off of the conducting thyristor before triggering the thyristor in the next half cycle, so
that we gain control on the output voltage.
Vo=Vs
Vo=0
Vo=-Vs
For δ<π, for β< π+ α the load current waveform appears as a discontinuous current waveform.
When α is decreased and made equal to the load impedance angle αϕ, we obtain from the expression for
Performance Parameters
Load Current
EXAMPLE
Solution
To find the right angle for β the LHS must be = RHS of following equation:
As shown above for β=180 the LHS RHS, then we will select another angle for β until
find solution