PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

(PRACREA 1)

Ms. Charlene B. Monsanto

Instructor
 CHAPTER 1 :
Nature of Inquiry and
Research
Definition of
Research
“Research follows a step-by-step
process of investigation that uses a
standardized approach in
answering questions or solving
problems”. (Polit & Beck, 2004)
Research plays an important role in
tertiary education. Though there are many
problems confronted by higher education,
developments are realized through
research. After all, its main purpose is to
answer a question or to solve an issue
(Palispis, 2004)
Research is a continuous undertaking of
making known the unknown (Sanchez,
2002). It entails an investigation of new
facts leading to the discovery of new ideas,
methods or improvements. It is an attempt
to widen one’s outlook in life. It always
proceeds from the known to the unknown.
Thus, the end of research is to arrive at a
new truth.
Research is an investigation
following ordered steps
leading to a discovery of new
information and concepts
(Sanchez, 1999)
Research is a very careful
investigation of something that
purports the contribution of
additional or new knowledge and
wisdom. (Bassey, as cited by
Coleman & Briggs, 2002)
Research is a tested approach of
thinking and employing validated
instruments and steps in order to
obtain a more adequate solution to a
problem that is otherwise impossible
to address under ordinary means.
(Crawford, as cited by Alcantara &
Espina, 1995)
Characteristics of
Research
The research should be:
1. Systematic
There is a system to follow in conducting research
for formulating each of its parts.
 Macrosystem (big system) – composed of chapters
and their elements
 Microsystem (Small system) – consists of the detailed
contents of each chapter
2. Objective
A researcher should objectively look at the basis on
which the work is founded. He or she must never
results out of nowhere; the results should be
validated. The results must never be based on
biases.
3. Feasible
Any problem of extraordinary nature that directly or
indirectly affects any profession is a feasible problem to
study. In settings like in the community, school, or
workplace, unusual phenomena may happen and can
turn into potential problems.
4. Empirical
There should be supporting pieces of evidence and
accompanying details for every variable used in the study.
References and citations of facts and information that the
researcher has gathered in his or her paper must be
included.
Plagiarism- constitutes claiming another person’s idea or
intellectual property as one’s own.
5. Clear
The choice of variables used in the study should
be explained by the researcher. This can be
done by enriching the review of literature or by
discussing the different theories on which the
selection of the variables is based.
Research Paradigm
• Research Paradigm is an
outline that guides the
researcher in
conceptualizing and
conducting the research.
• An effective research must
address these two
important aspects:
research foundations and
research methodology.
1.Research foundations- refer to the
fundamental components of research
such as the research problem,
purpose specific questions to be
addressed, and the conceptual
framework to be applied.
• Formulating a research problem requires
describing the undesirable situations related to
the problem and the needed knowledge or
information in order to solve problem.
• The purpose of the research describes how
the study will fill this “knowledge gap.”
• The research questions may be either framed
in quantitative (how much, how often, to what
extent) or qualitative (what, why, how) manner.
• Lastly, the conceptual framework is an outline
or paradigm that presents the topics to be
studied, various variables and contexts, and
how these relate to or influence each other.
2. Research methodology- describes
how the researcher will answer the research
questions in a credible manner. Research
methods are employed to address the
research purpose and gain new information
and insights to answer the problem. The
methodology of research includes the review
of literature, research approach and
design, data collection, methods of
analysis and conclusions.
• The review of literature analyzes the existing knowledge
regarding the research topic.
• The research approach and design identify what is the best
means to collect and analyze data in the study. The design is used
to clarify and improve the research problem, purpose and
questions.
• Data collection gives the methods to determine who will be the
participants in the study, how the variables will be measured, and
how data will be documented and collected.
• Data analysis consists of strategies and methods that makes
sense of the data to answer the research problem and questions.
• Finally, the conclusion summarizes the key results of the study
and discusses how these are relevant to the research problem. At
this point, the researcher addresses the hypotheses and
determines if they are accepted or rejected. It also addresses the
knowledge gap and presents new insights into the problem.
Roles of the
Researcher
Roles of the Researcher
According to Nieswiadomy (2005), the
researcher serves different roles in a study.
These are as follows:
1. As principal investigator
2. As member of a research team
3. As identifier of researchable problems
4. As evaluator of research findings
5. As user of research findings
6. As patient or client advocate during study
7. As subject/respondent/participant
Importance of
Research
The following are the importance of research:
1. Research provides a scientific basis for any practice or methodology
in any field or discipline
2. Research is undertaken for the continuous development and further
productivity in any field.
3. Research helps develop tools for assessing effectiveness of any
practice and operation such as psychological tests, intelligence
quotient tests, psychological assessments, among others.
4. Research provides solutions to problems concerning almost all
issues encountered in the different areas of work.
5. Research impacts decision-making.
6. Research develops and evaluates alternative approaches to the
educational aspects of any discipline.
7. Research aims to advance the personal and professional
qualifications of a practitioner.
Goals for
Conducting
Research
Goals for Conducting Research

1.To produce evidence-based practice.

2.To establish credibility in the profession
3.To observe accountability for the
profession.
4.To promote cost-effectiveness through
documentation.
kiite kurete arigatou gozaimasu! 
daedanhi gamsahabnida! :)