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DIABETES
Pharmacy Refresher Course
Atmiya Institute of Pharmacy
By:
Parth D. Mair (M.Pharm. MBA)
Que Pharma Pvt. Ltd.
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Contents
What is Diabetes?
Statistics
Risk Factors
Types of Diabetes
References
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What is Diabetes?
The annual cost for India due to diabetes was about $38 billion
in 2011
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Obesity
Hypertension
Acanthosis Nigricans
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Types of Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Gestational Diabetes
Two etiologies
Urinating often
Extreme Fatigue
Blurry Vision
Weight loss
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Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic nephropathy
Diabetic neuropathy
Cardiovascular Risks
Diabetic Foot
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Ophthalmologic complications of DM
Pathophysiology
There is loss of retinal pericytes, increase in retinal vascular
permeability, change in retinal blood flow and abnormal retinal
microvasculature
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Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Hypertension
Dyslipidemia (Hypercholesterolemia)
Thrombosis
Insulin Supplement
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Type 2 Diabetes Treatment
Contraindication:
Severe heart failure, liver disease
Incretin Mimetics
Oral Agents
-Insulin Sectretagogues
- Insulin Sensitizers
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Synthetic Amylin Analog
Canagliflozin
Empagliflozin
Dapagliflozin
+ Long Acting Basal Insulin Analogue
Clinical trial data indicate that insulin glargine may satisfy basal
insulin requirements, with an improved safety profile relative to
other available insulins used for basal supplementation.
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11-β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase
Type 1 Inhibitors (11-β-HSD1)
In islet cell
transplantation,
removed from
a donor's pancreas
and transferred
into a person
with diabetes.
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Beta cells are found in the islets of the pancreas and produce
insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels. Once transplanted, the
donor islets begin to make and release insulin.
As with all organ and tissue transplants, rejection of the donor cells
is the greatest challenge.
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