ANASTROPHE

Inversion, also called anastrophe, in literary style and rhetoric, the

syntactic reversal of the normal order of the words and phrases in a
sentence, as, in English, the placing of an adjective after the noun it
modifies (“the form divine”), a verb before its subject (“Came the
dawn”), or a noun preceding its preposition (“worlds between”).
Inversion is most commonly used in poetry.

Though the use is less common in prose, it is often used in order to

create a sense of depth or wisdom to the words being written.
It is probably because that use of anastrophe forces the listener to
dwell longer on words to understand what is being said.
Inversion is achieved by doing the following:

Placing an adjective after the noun it qualifies, g. the soldier strong

Placing a verb before its subject g. shouts the policeman
Placing a noun before its preposition g. worlds between

In the English language, there are inversions that are part of its
grammar structure, and are quite common in their use.
For instance, inversion always occurs in interrogative statements
where verbs, or auxiliaries, or helping verbs are placed before their
subjects.
Similarly, inversion happens in exclamatory sentences where objects
are placed before their verbs and subjects, and preceded by a wh-
word, such as the following examples of inversion:

What a beautiful picture it is!

Where in the world were you!
How wonderful the weather is today!
Inversion examples are more common in poetry than in prose. Inversion creates
meter and rhyme in the lines. Coleridge uses inversion artistically in his
renowned poem Kubla Khan:

“In Xanadu did Kubla Khan

A stately pleasure-dome decree:
Where Alph, the sacred river, ran
Through caverns measureless to man
Down to a sunless sea.
So twice five miles of fertile ground
With walls and towers were girdled round;
And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills,
Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree;
And here were forests ancient as the hills,
Enfolding sunny spots of greenery.”
The inversions enhance the artistic effect of the poem
The most common and popular example of anastrophe is the way that
Yoda talks in the Star Wars series. Let's look at an example of Yoda's
speech here:
'Powerful you have become; the dark side I sense in you.‘

Now, normally when we speak, we would start with the subject (or
primary focus) of the sentence and then follow immediately with the verb
(or action) that the subject is doing. Let's put these sentences back into
the word order that we would normally use when speaking:
'You have become powerful; I sense the dark side in you.'

FUNCTION OF ANASTROPHE:
Like all literary devices, the main function of inversion in prose or poetry
is to help writers achieve stylistic effect, like laying an emphasis on a
particular point, or changing the focus of the readers from a particular
point.
In poetry, inversions are regularly used to create rhythm, meter, or
rhyming scheme in the lines.
 SYNECHDOCHE
FRIENDS, ROMAN COUNTRYMEN,
LEND ME YOUR EARS
TWENTY SAILS CAME INTO THE HARBOUR
ALL HANDS ON DECK
Synecdoche is a figure of speech where part of something is used to
represent the whole .
Synecdoche is a rhetorical and a type of figurative speech similar to
metonymy—a figure of speech that uses a term that denotes one
thing to refer to a related thing.
synecdoche is considered a subclass of metonymy. It is more distantly
related to other figures of speech, such as metaphor.
The two main types of synecdoche are microcosm and macrocosm. A
microcosm uses a part of something to refer to the entirety.
An example of this is someone saying that they “need a hand" with a
project, when they really need the entire person. A macrocosm is the
opposite, using the name of the entire structure of something to refer
to a small part.
References to the King or Queen of the United Kingdom are made in
the same fashion by referring to Buckingham Palace.
“Weary feet in the walk of life”, does not refer to the feet actually being
tired or painful; it is symbolic of a long, hard struggle through the journey of
life and feeling low, tired, unoptimistic and ‘the walk of life’ does not
represent an actual path or distance covered, instead refers to the entire
sequence of life events that has made the person tired.

Colridge in his poem”Rime of the Ancient Mariner” refers to time on the

ship as “ The western wave was all aflame/The day was well nigh
done.”Colridge selects a wave as a part for the whole ocean .In referring to
the wave as a flame , the speaker refers to the time of the day.

In Shelley’s poem “Ozymandias” the narrator refers to a statue buried in a

sand which “ Tell that its sculptor well those passions read/Which yet
survive stamped on these lifeless things/ The hands that mocked them and
the heart that fed “.
In this poem Shelley uses the ‘hand ‘and the ‘heart ‘as synecdoch e–a part
that represents the whole-hand for the sculptor and heart for the king.
By using synecdoche, writers give otherwise common ideas and
objects deeper meanings.
The use of synecdoche helps writers to achieve brevity. For instance,
saying “The soldiers were equipped with steel” is more concise than
saying “The soldiers were equipped with swords, knives, daggers, and
arrows.”
Like any other literary device, synecdoche when used appropriately
adds a distinct colour to words, making them appear vivid. To insert
this “life” factor to literary works, writers describe simple ordinary
things creatively .

Synecdoche Examples from Everyday Life

The word “bread” refers to food or money, as in “Writing is my bread
and butter,” or “He is the sole breadwinner.”
The phrase “gray beard” refers to an old man.
The word “sails” refers to a whole ship.
The word “suit” refers to a businessman.
The word “boots” usually refers to soldiers.