AIRPORT LAYOUT

OUTLINE

• Airport parts and function

• Physical Characteristics
• Aircraft Characteristics
AIRPORT PARTS AND FUNCTION
Component of the airport system
Typical Layout
1. Airport Layout (simple)

Airside

Landside

Source: https://opendylan.org/books/dpg/design.html#objects-in-simple-airport
1. Airport Layout (complex)

Source:
http://airportoperationsmanagement06.blogspot.com/2011_01_01_archive.html
3 Parts of Airport

Airside Teminal

Airpot Access
 BARCELONA projects

South
Terminal Apron
enlargement

M
Third
Car Park5TA
Runway
Car Park TC
M
Control 0
Tower
Corporate
Aviation

Main
runway
extension

Maintenance Centre
Kansai Airport
Orlando Airport
Soekarno-Hatta International Airport
Airside
Airside components

RUNWAY TAXIWAY APRON

RUNWAY

• The place for aircraft to

take off and landing
• The dimension depends
on the characteristics of
the biggest aircraft served
in the related airport
• The direction of the
runway depends on the
prevailing wind
•
TAXIWAY

• Taxiway facilitates aircraft

to taxi the aircraft to
apron
• Taxiway is connected to
runway by exit taxiway,
rapid exit taxiway, and
holding apron.
• Taxiway design depends
on the aircraft reference
code
APRON

• Apron is a parking area

for aircraft
• The activities in apron
includes
loading/unloading
passengers/baggages,
cleaning, checking,
refueling,
Terminal Building
Terminal components

CURBSIDE PROCESSING WAITING

AREA LOUNGE
CURBSIDE

• The place for changing

mode of transport
• Loading /unloading
passengers and baggage
from and to land
transport (private cars,
taxi, bus)
•
PROCESSING AREA

• Screening, Check-in,
immigration (for
departure passengers)
• Immigration, custom,
baggage claim (for
arrival passengers)
WAITING LOUNGE

• Waiting room
• Restaurants
• Shops
ACCESS TO AIRPORT
Access to the airport

ROAD/RAIL MODE SHARE

NETWORK
Roads Network

• Road network should

offer quick, easy access to
the airport
• The road network
provides a more
uniformly-concentric and
‘predictable’ level of
accessibility compared to
public transport.
Rail Network
Mode Share
Physical Characteristics

Chapter 6, Horenjeff
Runway
• For design purposes, airports are classified based on
the aircraft they accommodate.
• Airports are designed based on a series of “critical” or
“design” aircraft.
• The FAA defines the term critical aircraft as the aircraft
most demanding on airport design that operates at
least 500 annual itinerant operations at a given airport.
• The smallest aircraft that is critical to the orientation of
runways,
• The largest aircraft determines most of the other
dimensional specifications of an airfield.
• Dimensional and performance characteristics of
the critical aircraft determine the airport’s airport
reference code.
• The airport reference code is a two designator
code referring to the aircraft approach category
and the airplane design group for which the
airport has been designed.
• The airplane design group (ADG) is a grouping of
aircraft based upon wingspan or tail height
Aircraft Approach Categories
Aircraft Design Groups
ICAO Aerodrome Reference Codes
Runway System Geometric Specifications
Graph (a)

• The runway structural pavement supports the

aircraft with respect to structural load,
maneuverability, control, stability, and other
operational and dimensional criteria.
• The shoulder adjacent to the edges of the structural
pavement resists jet blast erosion and accommodates
maintenance and emergency equipment.
• The blast pad is an area designed to prevent
erosion of the surfaces adjacent to the ends of
runways due to jet blast or propeller wash.
Graph (b)

• The runway safety area (RSA) is an area

surrounding the runway prepared or suitable
for reducing the risk of damage to aircraft in
the event of an undershoot, overshoot, or
excursion from the runway.
• The runway safety area includes the
structural pavement, shoulders, blast pad,
and stop-way, if provided.
Graph (c)

• The runway object-free area (OFA) is defined

by the FAA as a two-dimensional ground area
surrounding the runway which must be clear
of parked aircraft and objects other than
those whose location is fixed by function.
Graph (d)

• The runway protection zone (RPZ) is an

area on the ground used to enhance the
protection of people and objects near the
runway approach.
Runway Dimensional Standards, ft—Approach Category A
and B Aircraft
Runway Dimensional Standards, ft—Approach Category C,
D, and E Aircraft
Runway longitudinal profile

• (a) utility airports,

• (b) transport airports
Runway protection zone.
TERPS (terminal instrument approach procedures)
Taxiways and Taxilanes
Taxiway Dimensional Standards, ft
Taxiway Dimensional Standards, m
Aprons
Holding Aprons

• Holding aprons, holding pads, run-up pads, or

holding bays as they are sometimes called, are
placed adjacent to the ends of runways.
• The areas are used as storage areas for aircraft
prior to takeoff.
Typical holding pad confi gurations.
Flow-through bypass holding pad
Terminal apron requirements
Aircraft Characteristics

Chapter 2, Horenjeff
Aircraft dimensions.
Turning radius.
Traditional and complex landing gear confi gurations
(Federal Aviation Administration)
Relevance of Aircraft Characteristics

• Aircraft classification are useful in airport engineering

work (including terminal gate sizing, apron and taxiway
planning, etc.) and in air traffic analyses
• Most of the airport design standards are related to
aircraft size (i.e., wingspan, aircraft length, aircraft
wheelbase, aircraft seating capacity, etc.)
• Airport fleet compositions vary over time and thus is
imperative that we learn how to forecast expected
vehicle sizes over long periods of time
• The Next Generation (NextGen) air transportation
system will cater to a more diverse pool of aircraft
Consideration About CMG Distance vs Wheelbase
Distance

• FAA specifies:
• Cockpit to Main Gear (CMG) dimension will be
used instead of the aircraft wheelbase for aircraft
where the cockpit is located forward of the nose
gear (typically applies to commercial aircraft)
• For aircraft with the cockpit located aft of the
nose gear, use the wheelbase instead of CMG to
determine the Taxiway Design Group (TDG)
• See figures in the previous slides
• Most general aviation aircraft (called GA)
typically have the nose gear located in front of
the cockpit (use the wheelbase distance for
design)
• Most commercial aircraft have the cockpit
located ahead of the nose gear (use CMG
distance)
Some aircraft have special landing gear configurations
Characteristics of Commercial Service Aircraft
 REMARKS
• Airport Layout depends on
• Name any part of airport and its function
• How do we determine the physical
characteristics of airport parts
• How do we distinguish the airport category
• Why do we need to understand the aircraft
characteristics
THANK YOU