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THE CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES

OF ACIDS AND BASES


Chemistry Class
Grade 10
Unit 8 : Acids, Bases, and Salts
CHARACTERISTIC OF ACID
• Corrosive (more concentrated, it’s more corrosive)
• Change litmus paper to RED
• Has a sour taste
• pH < 7
SOME COMMON ACIDS
• Hydrochloric acid HCl (aq) In daily life:
• Sulfuric acid H2SO4 (aq) • Lemon and lime juice contain citric
acid
• Nitric acid HNO3 (aq)
• Stings contain methanoic acid
• Ethanoic acid CH3COOH (aq)
• Fizzy drinks contain carbonic acid
CHARACTERISTIC OF ALKALIS (BASES)
• Caustic (can burn organic material, ex: skin)
• Change litmus paper to BLUE
• Has a bitter taste
• pH > 7
SOME COMMON AKALIS
The pure alkalis are solids – except for ammonia, which is gas. They are used in lab
as aqueous solutions

Most common:
• Sodium hydroxide NaOH (aq)
• Potassium hydroxide KOH (aq)
• Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 (aq)
• Ammonia NH3 (aq)
INDICATORS
• Indicators is substance that can indicates whether something is an acid or an
alkali.
Example of indicators:
Indicators Colour in acid Colour in alkali
Litmus red blue
Phenolphthalein pink
Methyl orange red yellow
NEUTRAL SUBSTANCES
• Neutral substances are a substances that are not acids or alkalis.
• Examples: pure water, aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, sugar.
THE pH SCALE
UNIVERSAL INDICATOR PAPER
• Universal indicator is a paper with a mixture of dye. Like litmus, it can be used as a
solution, or a paper strip.
REACTIONS OF ACID

The name of salt depends on the acid


you start with:
METAL • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) gives CHLORIDE
• Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) gives SULFATE
ACID BASE Produce • Nitric acid (HNO3) gives NITRATE
SALT
CARBONATES
REACTION OF ACID WITH METAL
(ACID + METAL → SALT + HYDROGEN)
REACTION OF ACID WITH BASE
(ACID + BASE → SALT + WATER)
REACTION OF ACID WITH CARBONATES
(ACID + CARBONATE → SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE)
REACTION OF BASE

ACID
BASE
AMMONIUM Example: NH4Cl,
SALT NH4Br, (NH4)2SO4
REACTION OF BASE WITH AMMONIUM SALT
(BASE + AMMONIUM SALT → SALT + WATER + AMMONIA)
NEUTRALIZATION
USES OF NEUTRALIZATION
• Reduce acidicity in soil by adding lime (CaCO3), limestone (CaO) or slaked lime
(Ca(OH)2)
• Treat gastric patient
• To prevent tooth decay

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