Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CARDIO-VASCULAR NURSING
Presented By:
Dr.Prof.Rosaline Rachel
Principal
MMM College of Nursing
In India, against the estimated population of 1.27
billion about 45 million people suffer from coronary
artery disease
A study conducted by Safola Life in the year 2013
indicates that over 70 per cent of the urban Indian
population is at the risk of being diagnosed with heart
disease
Sedentary lifestyle is a major cause for heart disease
Diabetes and hypertension have further increased
heart disease cases
Cardiovascular Nurses play a key role in
Trends in the evaluation of Cardiovascular Status,
monitoring the Hemodynamic functions
Cardiac Nursing
and disease management
Nursing interventions have shown to
reduce patient stress
Research findings suggest that morbidity
and mortality in cardiac patients can be
improved with a comprehensive
treatment plan which has a Nurse
managed Stress Reduction Plan
MILESTONES IN THE EVOLUTION OF CARDIOLOGY
Treatment of Acute
Acute Cardiac
Coronary Imaging
Myocardial Surgery
Syndromes
infraction
Valvular heart
Arrhythmias Heart Failure Prevention
disease
BENEFITS OF SUB-SPECIALIZATION
Improves patient
Leads to greater Costs of cardiac
care, teaching
expertise care
and research
The present Scenario in the field of CARDIOLOGY
Growth of
cardiovascula
r centers
Rise of
global
cardiology
Evidence
based
cardiology
practice
Interventional Stem cell
cardiology therapy
Clinical Cardiac
cardiology Recent imaging
Advances &
Future
Trends In
Cardiology
Clinical Cardiology
Recent advances and Interventional Cardiology
future trends Stem Cell Therapy
Cardiac Imaging
Ultrasound
Nuclear Medicine imaging
Magnetic Resonance (MR)
imaging
Computed Tomography
(CT)
X-ray imaging
Clinical Cardiology Clinical cardiology is never static and lot
of effort is put on development of better
drugs
The most recent has been the approval
and availability of newer thenopyridine
prasugrel (Inhibits ADP-induced platelet
activation and aggregation)which is
used in treatment of acute coronary
syndromes for those proceeding to
percutaneous interventions.
For management of angina newer drugs
have come as add on therapy
Dabigatran an oral
anticoagulant is a very exciting
Clinical Cardiology addition in stroke and embolism
prevention in patients with atrial
fibrillation
It does not require International Normalised
Ratio ( INR )monitoring as compared to warfarin
It is superior to warfarin in reducing stroke or
peripheral embolic events
Less risk of hemorrhage is an added attraction.
Newer antiarrhythmics
become available which
include drugs like dronedarone
which is indicated in prevention
of recurrence of atrial fibrillation.
Interventional Cardiology
Biodegradable stents
contain a biodegradable
polymer which are
completely biodegradable
Interventional Now , the potentially for less
Cardiology… invasively replicating these
successful surgical procedures
without the need for thoracotomy or
cardiopulmonary bypass has
generated considerable interest
The Mitraclip device has proven
relatively safe and effective
Using a multiaxial transeptal catheter
system, a metallic clip is used to
grasp and approximate the free
edges of the 2 leaflets
Interventional Balloon Aortic
Cardiology… Valvuloplasty replacing
Surgical Aortic Valve
replacement for patients
with symptomatic severe
aortic valve stenosis
Percutaneous Aortic Valve
Replacement (PAVR) using
stent-based prostheses
has emerged as a
promising new option in
recent years
Recent advancements
Types of Minimally
Invasive Heart Surgeries
Minimally Invasive
Minimally Invasive Valve Surgery
Heart Surgery Minimally Invasive
CABG Surgery
Off-pump/beating
heart bypass surgery
Robotically assisted
heart surgery
Robotically assisted Valve
Types surgery
Robotically assisted
Bypass surgery
Robotically assisted ASD
Robotically assisted
Removal of Cardiac
tumors
Benefits of minimally Small incisions
invasive surgical techniques Small scars
Shorter hospital stay
Low risk of infection
Low risk of bleeding and
blood transfusion
Shorter recovery time and
faster return to normal
activities
Division of sternum is not
needed for robotically
assisted heart surgery
Stem Cell Stem cell therapy as
applied to cardiology has
Therapy shown partial progress
The angina in so called end
stage coronary artery
disease is refractory to
conventional medical
therapy
Laboratory and preclinical
studies have provided
evidence for the safety and
potential efficacy of
autologous CD34+ stem cell
therapies as treatment for
angina
Stem Cell
Therapy
Role of stem cells in heart
failure is under evaluation
There appeared to be a
significant decrease in
long-term mortality in the
stem-cell-treated patients
Nuclear Imaging in
Cardiology
s
Applications of Nuclear
Cardiology
Coronary Artery Disease
Assessment of LV /RV function
Cardiomyopathy /Myocarditis
Valvular Heart Disease
Cardiac Shunts
Secondary Hypertension
Pulmonary Hypertension
Assessment of Cardiac Transplant
Cardiac Nurses in different Environments
Coronary
care units
Cardiac (CCU)
Cardiac
medical
catheterization
wards
Cardiovascular Intensive
intensive care care units
units (CVICU) (ICU)
Operating
Cardiac surgery wards
theatres
Cardiac
Clinical
rehabilitation
research
centres
Cardiac nursing is a nursing
Cardiac Nursing specialty that works with
patients who suffer from various
conditions of the
cardiovascular system
Cardiac nurses help to treat
conditions unstable
angina,cardiomyopathy,
coronary artery disease,
congestive heart failure
myocardial infarction and
cardiac dysrhythmia under the
direction of a cardiologist
Improving quality of
care in cardiac
Use checklists in every
Nursing cardiac surgery case
Quality depends on Implement training involving
all members of the cardiac
operative team on situational
awareness.
Timely action
Implement formal handoff
Efficiency protocols during transfer of
Efficacy care of cardiac surgical
patients to new medical
Equitability
personnel.
Patient centeredness
Implementation of policies
regarding professionalism and
quality
Developing Cardiac Research is one form of
care: why research knowledge used to guide
and enhance any
matters professional practice
It follows a specific
methodology and, when
well-written, allows us to
critique the steps and
consider its application to
patient
The two broad research
paradigms—quantitative
and qualitative—are
described, to highlight
their value
Coronary Coronary Angioplasty -
Angioplasty: Patient Nurses need to understand
management and nursing care the rationale for this
treatment option as well as
the risks , so that they
prepare a patient
psychologically for the
procedure
Lookafter safely and
facilitate ongoing secondary
prevention, discharge advice
and cardiac rehabilitation -
.BMJ Qual Saf 2012;21:807-809
Randomised controlled trials have
Coronary also demonstrated the benefit of
Nurse-run cinics for secondary
Angioplasty: Patient prevention of Coronary Heart Disease
(Riley, 2003)
management and nursing care Nurse-Provided or Nurse-Coordinated
Care Management programs using an
integrated or multifactor approach
have been shown to be highly
effective in reducing morbidity and
mortality of high-risk patients (Haskell,
2003)
Cardiovascular Nurses play a very
important role at different levels, ie the
technical level, where the nurses
carry out diagnostic examinations
and risk assessments; psychological
level where the nurse informs, acts as
a health counsellor and helps in the
patient self care process (Riccio et.al,
2004)
Coronary Angioplasty:
Patient management and nursing A study to observe secondary
care prevention practice in a
cardiovascular department in
a sample of two hundred and
twenty patients discharged
from the Intensive Coronary
Care Unit, Cardiac Surgery
Unit and Vascular Surgery Unit
has shown that nurses play a
vital role in implementation of
guidelines, risk assessment,
drug treatment and effective
patient education (Steffenino et.al,
2013)
30 Acute Coronary
Syndromes- ACS are the clinical manifestation
of coronary heart disease (CHD),
which involves the development of
atherosclerotic plaques in the
coronary vasculature. The growth
of plaques over time narrows the
lumen of coronary arteries, which
limits blood flow and manifests
clinically as stable angina.