ATULYA CALLY

501704076

Dilemmas in a
General Theory of
Planning
 Steps to be Social Context

followed

Planning Problem
Problem Definition

Goal Formulation
 SOME TAKEAWAYS
• We use the term 'wicked' in a
meaning akin to 'malignant' or
'vicious' or 'tricky' or
'aggressive'... to characterize
social problems

• To find the problem is the same

thing as finding the solution; the
problem can't be defined until
the solution has been found
• Problem understanding and
problem resolution are
concomitant to each other.
• One cannot meaningfully search
for information without the
orientation of a solution concept;
one cannot first understand,
then solve.
• Part of the art of dealing with
wicked problems is the art of not
knowing too early which type of
solution to apply.
• Every situation is likely to be
one-of-a-kind.
• The aim is not to find the truth,
but to improve some
characteristics of the world
where people live.
• The aim is not to find the truth,
but to improve some
characteristics of the world
where people live.
• There is no definite formulation of a wicked problem.
• Wicked problems have no stopping rules.
• Solutions to wicked problems are not true-or-false, but better or worse.
• There is no immediate and no ultimate test of a solution to a wicked
problem. THE 10
• Every solution to a wicked problem is a "one-shot operation"; because
there is no opportunity to learn by trial-and-error, every attempt counts PROPERTIES
significantly. OF WICKED
• Wicked problems do not have an enumerable (or an exhaustively PROBLEMS
describable) set of potential solutions, nor is there a well-described set
of permissible operations that may be incorporated into the plan.
• Every wicked problem is essentially unique.
• Every wicked problem can be considered to be a symptom of another
problem.
• The causes of a wicked problem can be explained in numerous ways.
The choice of explanation determines the nature of the problem's
resolution.
• The planner has no right to be wrong.
THAT’S ALL
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