ANSI-SPARC Architecture

ANSI SPARC Three-Level Archite

cture

Presented By:
Ayesha Zaheer (09)
Saba Munir (028)
Aqsa Khalid (077)
 Content…
• Objectives of Three-Level Architecture
• Three Levels of Architecture
1. External Level
2. Conceptual Level
3. Internal Level
Objectives of Three-Levels Archite
cture
• All users should be able to access same data b
ut a different customized view.
• A user’s view is immune to changes made in o
ther views.
• Users should not need to know physical databa
se storage details.
Objectives of Three-Level Architec
ture
• DBA should be able to change database storag
e structures without affecting the user’s views
(layer and levels are independent.)
• Internal structure of database should be unaffe
cted by changes to physical aspects of storage.
• DBA should be able to change conceptual stru
cture of database without affecting all users.
ANSI-SPARC Three-Level Archite
cture
External Level
• Highest or top level of data abstraction ( No k
nowledge of DBMS S/W and H/W or physica
l storage).
• This level is concerned with the user.
• Describe that part of database that is relevant
to a particular user.
• All database user work on external level of D
BMS.
ANSI SPARC Three-Level Archite
cture
• Different views may have different representa
tion of same data (e.g. data format age derived
from DOB etc.)
• There can be n number of external views for d
atabase where n is the number of user.
ANSI SPARC Three-Level Archite
cture
ANSI SPARC Three-Level Archite
cture
Conceptual Level
• And how the data is inter-related.
• The conceptual level is a way of describing w
hat data is stored.
• The conceptual level does not specify how the
data is physically stored.
• This is the next higher level than internal level
of data abstraction.
ANSI SPARC Three-Level Archite
cture
• Logical Level
• It is also known as Logical level.
• It hides low level complexities of physical stora
ge.
• Expertise work at this level are
• Database administrator
• Designers
• Application developers
ANSI SPARC Three-Level Archite
cture
• Conceptual Level Represents
• It represents all entities and their relationships.
• The constraints on data.
• Security and integrity information.
ANSI SPARC Three-Level Archite
cture
• Example
ANSI SPARC Three-Level Archite
cture
Internal level
• This is the lowest level of data abstraction.
• It describes How the data are actually stored in t
he database.
• It is also known as physical level.
• It covers the data structure and file organization
used to store data on storage devices.
• Database administrator work at this level.
ANSI SPARC Three-Level Archite
cture
• The internal level is concerned:
• Storage space allocation for data and indexes.
• Record description.
• Data compression and data encryption techniq
ues.
ANSI SPARC Three-Level Archite
cture
• Example
Thank You!!