INTRODUCTION

HYDRO POWER
1) One of the most widely used renewable source of energy for generating
electricity on large scale basis is hydropower

2) The power obtained from river or ocean water is called as hydropower

3) Hydropower is the renewable source of energy since water is available in

large quantities from rain, rivers, and oceans and this is will be available for
unlimited time to come
1. HISTORY

- Nearly 2000 years ago the Greeks used water wheels to grind wheat into
flour

- In the 1700's, hydropower was broadly used for grain and for pumping
irrigation water

- Appleton, Wisconsin became the first operational hydroelectric generating

station in the United States, in 1882, producing 12.5 kilowatts (kW) of power

- The total electrical capacity generated was equivalent to 250 lights

-Still in use today, Niagra Falls was the first hydropower site developed for a
vast quantity of electricity
 TYPES OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
1) Water wheels
2) Hydro power plants
3) Wave energy from oceans
4) Tidal energy
5) Damless hydro power
 2. PRINCIPLE OF HYDRO POWER PLANT

WATER CYCLE
The continuous cycle in which water changes from water vapor in the
atmosphere to liquid water through condensation and precipitation and then
back to water vapor through evaporation, transpiration, and respiration

Water cycle in nature:

Water surface evaporation
Precipitation of clouds
Collected back to the oceans

VAPORATION  PRECIPITION  RAIN

3. Water cycle in the hydraulic power plant
Water energies: Kinetic energy , Potential energy

PROCESS / STAGES
1) Water in reservoir
2) Fall in turbine blade
3) Shaft rotation
4) Electric generation
5) Flow back of water
 4. COMPONENT AND WORKING OF HYDRO POWER PLANT

1)
Dam

Classification of dams

Storage dams Dam structure and design

Diversion dams
Detention dams
Overflow dams
Rockfill dams
Gravity dams

Gravity dam
Storage dams
To impound water
Purpose - Irrigation
- Flood control
- Power generation
Diversion dams
For diversion
To provide sufficient pressure
Detention dams
To regulate the flow of water, prevent flood effects
To trap sediment
Overflow dams
They carry water discharge over their crests
Rockfill dams
Rock instead of earth
Embankment dams hold back water by the force of gravity acting upon
their mass
Gravity dams
Most gravity dams are made from concrete, a mixture of port land cement,
water, and aggregates
They are much thicker at the base than the top
2) Water reservoir
Place behind the dam
Height of water
Potential energy
3) Intake or control gates
Gates inside of the dam.
Inlet gates
Help to control the release of water
4) The penstock
Long pipe or shaft
To carry the water
Controlled by the control gates

5) Water turbines

Convert HYDROLIC energy to MECHANICAL energy

6) Generators

Convert MECHANICAL energy in ELECTRICAL energy

7) Transformer
Converts the alternating current to high voltage current.
Two coils: the supply coil and the outlet coil.
Voltage required for various applications is 110V or 230V.
Numbers of turns in outlet coil are double of supply coil, the voltage
produced is also double.

8) Tailrace
Pipeline to drain the water
The potential energy of water in the tailrace has been used to generate
electricity
 5.ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF
HYDRO POWER PLANT

Advantages
1) No fuel required
2) Cost of electricity is constant
3) No air-pollution is created
4) Long life
5) Cost of generation of electricity
6) Can easily work during high peak daily loads
7) Irrigation of farms
8) Water sports and gardens
9) Prevents floods
DISADVANTAGES

1) Disrupts the aquatic ecosystems

2) Disruption in the surrounding areas
3) Requires large areas
4) Large scale human displacement