Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PG Department of Agriculture
Khalsa college, Patiala
Fodder, a type of animal feed, is any
agricultural food stuff used specifically to
feed domesticated livestock, such as
cattle, goats, sheep, horses, chickens
and pigs.
Livestock occupies a crucial position in
Indian agriculture and directly
contributing 4.1% of total GDP of the
country.
India with 2.29% of the world land area, is
maintaining about 10.72% of the world
livestock population.
1. Increased Human population forced us to grow more
grain crops rather than fodder crops.
2. Green revolution included mainly grain crops and fodder
side tracked.
3. Productivity is low due to non availability/ non adoption
of production technology.
4. Livestock farmers are small (21.75%) and marginal
(69.4%) are not paying much attention on feeding of poor
yielder animals.
5. Regional imbalances of fodder availability.
6. High transport cost and burning of crop residue.
7. Non availability of trained and expert human resource in
fodder production.
8. Non availability of quality seed.
9. Lack of knowledge among farmers (Poor TOT) about
fodder production technologies.
CLASSIFICATION OF FODDERS
KHARIF CROPS
1.Maize
2.Bajra
3.Sorghum
4.Napier grass
5.Guar
RABI CROPS
1.Berseem
2.Shaftal
3.Leucerne
4.Oats
5.Ryegrass
6.Senji
BERSEEM (Trifolium alexiandrum)
Constraints
Production Research
in multiple
level level
agencies
Farmers
Market level
level
PRODUCTION LEVEL
Non-availability of suitable seed production technology
Land availability
Fewer varieties
Lack of hybrids
Poor resource allocation
Indeterminate growth
Non-synchronus maturity
Seed shattering
Blank seed
Seed dormancy
Influence of climatic factors
Low density of ear-bearing tillers
Lodging
Poor harvest index
Lack of seed production technology
RESEARCH LEVEL
CONSTRAINTS
Fewer institutes
More number of crops
Poor resource allocation
Research difficulties
Breeding difficulties
Lack of technology dissemination
CONSTRAINTS AT MULTIPLE
AGENCIES
No proper seed chin
Government support
Lesser participation by Govt. Agencies
Fewer private players
Resource constraints
Insufficient breeder seed indent
FARMER LEVEL
Non availability of fodder
High production cost
Less remunerative
Lack of knowledge
MARKET LEVEL
Lack of organized marketing
Lack of market knowledge
Absence of private sector
Stratigies:
1.Seed production avalability
2.Production technology
3.Conservation of fodder
4.Transfer of technology
5.Research
6.Area expansion
OMAFRA. 2013. Cereals: Planting and crop development.