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• Greenhouse gasses
such as carbon dioxide
trap heat in the Earth’s
atmosphere.
4.2 Niches and Community
Interactions
Every Organism has a habitat and
Niche
A habitat is the general place in
which an organism lives.
A niche describes not only the
place an organisms lives, but the
range of physical and biological
conditions in which it lives and
interacts.
The Competitive Exclusion
Principal
• If two species attempt to
occupy the same niche, one
species will be better suited
to obtain limited resources
and will eventually exclude
the other.
What would happen if two of these warbler species tried to occupy the same niche
at the same time?
Community Interactions
Predator-Prey
Herbivore-Plant
Symbiotic Species
Two or more species living together
in a close, long-term association.
_ + Braconid
larvae feed on
Hornworm their host and
caterpillar release
The host themselves
hornworm will shortly before
eventually die as reaching
its organs are the pupae
consumed stage of
by wasp larvae. development.
Succession
is a regular progression of species
replacement.
Primary succession occurs where life has not
existed before.
limited precipitation
permafrost
4.5 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chesapeake Bay
Louisiana bayous
Florida Everglades
Estuaries are highly productive ecosystems.
Estuaries
are primarily threatened by land
development.
Marine Ecosystem
Intertidal
Zone
Affected by tides
CostalOcean
Coral reefs and kelp forests
Open Ocean
90% of ocean
Photic and Aphotic zones