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ETHNICITY

Ethnicity and Race


Every society consists of people from different families, ethnic
groups, and races. This makes society very diverse and unique.
Ethnicity
•Ethnicity refers to a group of people, also called the ethnic
group, who have a common or shared culture, language, history,
religion, and tradition.
•Here, people are divided into groups based on different social
factors.
Examples: Filipinos, Malays, Anglo-Saxons, and Muslims.
Race
•Race refers to a group of people that shares the same physical
attributes, such as skin color, height, and facial features.
•People are grouped into different races based on their physical
appearance.
•Human beings are classified into three major
racesCaucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid.
•These classifications are based on the color of the skin, the shape
of the face and eyes, texture of the hair, and other prominent
physical features.

Two people belonging to the same race may be part of


different ethnic groups. For example, Asians belong to the
Mongoloid race but consists of different ethnic groups like
the Japanese, the Chinese, and the Malays. They all share
the same physical features but have different cultures,
histories, and languages.
Ethnolinguistic Groups in the
Philippines

There are more than 180 ethnic or ethnolinguistic groups in


the Philippines, which are based on the language each group
uses.
•There are eight major ethnolinguistic groups in the country:
• Ilokano,
• Kapampangan,
• Pangasinense,
• Tagalog,
• Bikolano,
• Ilonggo,
• Cebuano, and
• Waray.
•Other smaller ethnolinguistic groups are
the Ibanag, Ivatan, Sambal, Subanon, Maguindanaoan,
and Zamboangueño.
There are also indigenous groups in the country that may
belong to the same ethnolingguistic groups, but have different
cultures or traditions. Some of them are the Mangyans of
Mindoro, the Igorots of the Mountain Province, and
the Moros of Mindanao.
Issues About Race and Ethnicity
Ethnicity and race are categories that divide people based on
their social affinities or physical similarities. However,
differences in ethnicity and race make some people believe that
one ethnic group is superior than others. This belief creates
discrimination and prejudice against people from minorities who
are perceived to be of “inferior” ethnicity or race.
There are different types of discrimination against one’s
ethnicity or race.
Racism
•Racism is discrimination or prejudice based on one’s race.
•In the 1970s, white Americans (Caucasoids) discriminated black
Americans (Negroids) who were descendants of immigrants
from African countries.
Ethnocentricism
•Ethnocentrism is discrimination or prejudice based on one’s
culture.
•Recently, Muslim extremists discriminate Christians and non-
Muslims in Muslim countries because of their religion.
•In the Philippines, Muslims experience prejudice and
discrimination in Christian-dominated regions like Metro
Manila. Because of the ongoing conflict in Mindanao between
the government and Islamic militants, Christians tend to think
that all Muslims are terrorists.
•On the other hand, some Christians and ethnic groups are
discriminated and prejudiced against in Muslim-dominated
areas.
Discrimination against one’s race or culture may cause crimes
against it.
Genocide
•Genocide is the elimination of a group of people from the same
race, ethnic group, religion, or nation.
•It is an extreme action against people from another ethnicity or
race.
•The Holocaust during the World War II, executed by the Nazis
of Germany led by Adolf Hitler, killed millions of Jews all over
Europe.
Ethnic cleansing
•Ethnic cleansing is the harassment, rape, or forced migration
of an ethnic group to banish them from a certain area or
territory.
•This happens in certain areas in Africa.
QUIZ- ETHNICITY
1. What is the category of people with shared cultural
attributes?
a. culture
b. ethnicity
c. gender
d. race
2. What is the category of people with shared cultural
attributes?
a. culture
b. ethnicity
c. gender
d. race
3. What is the discrimination or prejudice against another’s
race?
a. racism
b. genocide
c. bullying
d. ethnocentrism
4. Lolita is Tagalog. Her favorite food is fried pork chop. She
hates her cousin, Ainah, who is Muslim, because she does not
eat pork.
What concept is shown in this example?
a. ethnocentrism
b. ethnic cleansing
c. racism
d. genocide
5.Joaquin is Spanish. He was born in Spain and was brought by
his parents to the Philippines. His parents forbade him to play
with Ramon, an Filipino, and Mei, a Chinese, because they are
not Spanish.
What concept is shown in this example?
a. genocide
b. ethnic cleansing
c. ethnocentrism
d. racism

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