Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. Synthesis reactions
2. Decomposition reactions
3. Single displacement reactions
4. Double displacement reactions
5. Combustion reactions
6. Neutralization reactions
7. Redox Reactions
Example C + O2
C + O O O C O
General: A + B AB
Ex. Synthesis Reaction
Practice
• Predict the products.
Example: NaCl
Cl Na Cl + Na
General: AB A + B
Decomposition
Ex. Decomposition Reaction
3. Single Displacement
Example: Zn + CuCl2
Zn was oxidized
Went from neutral (0) to (+2)
Cu + Zn Zn + Cu
Cl Cl Cl Cl
Cu was reduced
Went from (+2) to Neutral (0)
General: AB + C AC + B
Single Replacement
Reactions
Ex. Single Replacement Reaction
Single Replacement
• A metal replaces a
hydrogen
• A metal replaces
another metal
• We use an activity
series to predict
which metals are
“stronger” and can
knock out other
metals from
compounds
Activity Series
The most active metals
are at the top. These
will replace metals
below them.
The halogens are also
listed in order of most
active at the top to least
active at the bottom.
More active elements
replace less active
elements in single
replacement reactions
Single Replacement Examples
• 2 AgNO3 + Cu Cu(NO3)2 + 2 Ag
• Fe + Cu(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)2 + Cu
• Zn + 2HCL ZnCl2 + H2
Single Replacement Reactions
Mg Ca Mg Ca
+ +
O S S O
General: AB + CD AD + CB
Double Replacement
Reaction
Double Replacement
Reactions
• Produces a
precipitate, liquid or
gas
• All four of the ions
switch partners
• Aqueous solution
Double Replacement Reactions
• Another example:
K2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) 2 KNO3(aq) + BaSO4(s)
Double Replacement Examples
• AgNO3(aq) + KCl(aq) AgCl(s) + KNO3(aq)
• 1) Fuel (hydrocarbon)
2) Oxygen
3) Something to ignite the
reaction (spark)
Combustion
Combustion Reactions
• In general:
CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O
• Products are ALWAYS
carbon dioxide and water.
(although incomplete burning
does cause some by-products
like carbon monoxide)
• Combustion is used to heat
homes and run automobiles
(octane, as in gasoline, is
C8H18)
Combustion
• Example
• C5H12 + 8 O2 5 CO2 + 6 H2O
• Write the products and balance the
following combustion reaction:
• C10H22 + O2
How does this analogy break
down?
People in Relationships Chemical Reactions
People can switch partners whenever The ions or elements in a compound
they want “switch partners” according to rules
We usually just think about one In chemistry, we usually are dealing
partner and one couple with billions of particles reacting at
once
People don’t assume different states In double replacement reactions,
of matter there will be a change of state (a solid,
liquid, or gas is formed)
People aren’t swimming in water Displacement reactions generally
happen in aqueous solutions
Steps to determine
type of reaction
Write the chemical equation
A + B AB
Summary
4 P + 5 O2 P4O10
Which type of reaction?
2 Al2O3 4 Al + 3 O2
Which type of reaction?
3 H2 + N2 2 NH 3
Which type of reaction?
2 HgO 2Hg + O2
Mixed Practice
• State the reaction type & predict the
products.
1. BaCl2 + H2SO4
2. C6H12 + O2
3. Zn + CuSO4
4. Cs + Br2
5. FeCO3
You try it!
Ionic equation:
H+(aq)+ Cl(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH(aq)
Na+(aq) + Cl(aq) + H2O(l)
Net ionic equation:
H+(aq) + OH(aq) H2O(l)
Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009 47
7. Oxidation-Reduction
Reactions
• Often called “redox” reactions
• Electrons are transferred between the
reactants
– One substance is oxidized, loses electrons
• Reducing agent
– Another substance is reduced, gains
electrons
• Oxidizing agent
• Oxidation numbers change during the
reaction
Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009 48
– Example
Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)