Project Implementation

• The course aims to provide knowledge and

skill to plan and implement the project
activities leading to successful completion as
per the plan
• Total class hrs 45(including exam)
• Course will be complete in 7.5 weeks
• Assessment Plan
• a. Project work 20 percent
• b. Class tests , quizzes 20 percent
• c. Final examination 25 percent
• e. Analysis of Case/take away assignment 20 percent
• f. Class participation/attendance 15 percent
• 80% attendance is mandatory
• Submitting of assignments in due dates given
by teacher is mandatory. Delayed submission
of assignments copying the assignments
from fellow members ,late comings, missing
classes will result in lower grade or even ‘F’ in
the course.
 Learning methodology
• Lecture
• Class exercises
• Information searching
• Analysing
• Critical thinking
• What are the features of a project ?
• Who creates the project ?
 Project Management
It is important to understand the nature of activity
to understand a project
A project activity will have following criteria

Any non repetitive or unique activity

A low volume high variety activity
An activity with start and finish
A coordinated activity undertaken by individual or
organization with definite time, cost and
performance parameters
 How the level of complexity is
determined?
Resource complexity Overall complexity

Technical complexity

Organizational complexity
 Complexity of Projects
• Organizational complexity:
Determined by number of people, departments
within the project, language and cultural
diversity within project
o Resource Complexity:
Determined by volume of resources and budget
handled
o Technical Complexity
Determined by level of innovation in in end
product or process
 What we do in implementation
- WB Manual
The PIP(Project implementation Plan) contains the following
elements:1

A.Detailed project description:

Detailed financial and economic analysis of the project, including
description of assumptions; description of main project risks ;
critical factors that could affect the project's success, and an
assessment of the project's sensitivity to them.(=DPR)
B.Implementation Arrangements
• Organization responsible for the project.
• Implementation agreement between the borrower and
implementation agencies.
• Responsibilities of the implementing agencies and other
stakeholders.
 What we do in implementation
C.Implementation Plan
• Time-bound detailed implementation plan for each
project component, including technical assistance and
training.
• Schedule of procurement actions, including target
dates for each step.
D.Monitoring and Evaluation
• Key development impact indicators for measuring
progress in reaching project development objectives.
• Key progress indicators for monitoring delivery of
project inputs and achievement of project outputs
 What is DPR
Detailed Project Report is a compilation of
following information
• Technical and engineering features
• Social Aspect
• Environmental Aspect
• Economic Aspect
• Developmental aspects
 Why so much importance in socio
environmental aspects
• Project output will be shared by the members
of society
• Project may be temporary but the benefits will
be lasting
• The benefits delivered by Project activities
must be lasting in nature
 Implementation plan
• Project must be understood as a series of
activities having a specific time frame
• Implementation plan is scheduling the
activities and time
 Network analysis
Introduction

Network analysis is done with net work diagrams

It stands for certain specific techniques which
can be used for the planning, management and
control of projects.
 What is Gantt Chart
Dependencies: Show dependencies between activities with arrows
– E.g., activity 2 cannot start until activity 1 is complete

Activity 1
Activity 2
Milestone

Time Frame: day 1 day 2 day3… day 23

Building a Gantt Chart

 What is Gantt Chart
Advantage
• Simple to draw and read
• Good for static environment
• Useful for providing overview of the project
activities
• Very widely used in comparatively simople
projects
 Gantt Chart
Limitation
• Difficult to update manually when there are
many changes
• Does not relate time with cost
• Does not help in resource allocation
 Gantt Chart

Two critical activities

Forward scheduling
Backward scheduling
 • Developed in 1950’s

History •
•
CPM by DuPont for chemical plants
PERT by U.S. Navy for Polaris missile

CPM was developed by Du Pont and the

emphasis was on the trade-off between the
cost of the project and its overall completion
time (e.g. for certain activities it may be
possible to decrease their completion times by
spending more money - how does this affect
the overall completion time of the project?)
 The Project Network(CPM METHOD)

• Use of nodes and arrows

Arrows  An arrow leads from tail to head directionally

– Indicate ACTIVITY, a time consuming effort that is
required to perform a part of the work.

Nodes  A node is represented by a circle

- Indicate EVENT, a point in time where one or more
activities start and/or finish.
 Procurement as key activity in
implementation
• Procurement of goods
• Procurement of Work
• Procurement of consultancy services
 What is procurement
• 'Procurement is the process of acquiring
goods, works and services, covering both
acquisition from third parties and from in-
house providers. The process spans the whole
life cycle from identification of needs, through
to the end of a services contract.
 Basic four: Description

– Description
• The “what” you are buying.
• Sufficient detail
• Detail in technical specifications

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 Basic Four: Price

• Stated as a total price in words and figures

• Stated in terms of price components
– Per unit with reference to packaging as noted in
the QUANTITY
For Global Purchasing:
– Shipping cost per unit/weight/packing unit/
container/other
– Insurance
– Tariffs if to be paid by seller
• Price is listed in the Contract as exemplified in the
Form of Contract Agreement
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 More on ensuring performance: Basic
Four - Shipping

• Shipping is physical transport

– Incoterms - best known are:
• EXW (Ex works), FOB (Free on Board), CIF
(Cost, Insurance and Freight), DDU
(Delivered Duty Unpaid), and CPT
(Carriage Paid To).
– Mode of transport – air, sea, rail, truck
– Shipping and handling instructions
– Storage conditions during shipment and on
arrival

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 Ensuring Quality
Basic Four - Delivery and Acceptance

What is delivery of goods ?

– Where the goods will be delivered
What is acceptance ?
– Acceptance by buyer and payment(Inspection on
delivery(quality and specification)
 OVERALL PROCUREMENT IS
Procurement is
• Plan
• Purchase transaction
• Process
• Philosophy
• Purpose
Purchasing strategies
• Single sourcing
• Parallel outsourcing
• Vendor managed inventory
 Difference between normal procurement and
project procurement
 Project procurement has to be more
transparent
 Project procurement has to plan exit
strategies
 Projects cannot carry high level of
inventory
 Single contract with a reliable party
 Steps in the Procurement Cycle
Execution of Contract Define Requirements
Management of
Bidding Process
Budget and Funding

Develop Bid
Documents Scheduling

Procurement
Prequalification of Bidders
Requisition
and Invitations to Bid

Select Procurement Type 32

• What is procurement cycle

It explains the complete cycle of procurement

starting from defining the project need to the
contract execution and quality assesment of
the supplier for further dealings