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m Responsible for the exchange of gasses

between the body and the air through a


process called RESPIRATION.

TWO TYPES OF RESPIRATION


1. Internal Respiration
2. External Respiration
INTERNAL RESPIRATION
m Oxygen in the blood stream passes into
individual tissue cells, where it is used for
energy; in exchange , carbon dioxide created
as a waste product in the cells passes into the
blood stream for removal from the body.
EXTERNAL RESPIRATION
m Oxygen is inhaled into the lungs and
absorbed into the blood stream, while carbon
dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs
and is exhaled.
1. Upper Respiratory System
2. Lower Respiratory System

UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM


m Consisting of the nose, pharynx, and larynx.

LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM


m Consisting of the trachea, bronchi, and
lungs.
m Air enters and leaves the body through the
nose.
m The external portion of the nose is composed
of cartilage and bone covered with skin.
NARES or NOSETRILS
m Entrance portion of the nose.
SEPTUM (Nasal Septum)
m A wall that divide the right and left chambers
of the nose internally.
SINUSES
m Are hallow areas or cavities within the nasal
cartilage.
FOUR NASAL SINUSES
1. Frontal Sinuses
2. Maxillary Sinuses
3. Ethmoidal Sinuses
4. Sphenoidal Sinuses
m The internal nose and sinuses are lined by
mucous membranes, which help to warm and
filter air as it enters the respiratory system.
CILIA
m Hair like projections on the mucous
membrane , that sweep dirt and foreign
material towards the throat for elimination.
m Also known as the throat.
m Is the airway that connects the mouth and
nose to the larynx.
m It divided into three sections:
1. Nasopharynx
- The upper portion, located behind the nose
2. Oropharynx
- The middle portion, located behind the
mouth.
3.Laryngopharynx or Hypo pharynx
- The lower portion located just behind the
larynx.
m Pharynx serves also as a common
passageway for both air from the nose and
food from the mouth, there must be
mechanism to prevent food accidentally
entering the respiratory system.
EPIGLOTTIS
m During the act of swallowing a small flap of
cartilage covers the opening of the larynx so
that the food cannot enter the larynx and
lower airways while passing through the
pharynx.
m Also known as the voice box.

m Itcontains the structures which make vocal


sounds possible.

m It is connected to the trachea.


TRACHEA
m The airway commonly known as windpipe.
m It extends into the chest and serve as a
passageway for air to the bronchi.
m It lies in front of the esophagus.

CARINA
- It refers to the bifurcation of the trachea.
m Two branches of the trachea.
m Each bronchus enters a lung, then subdivided
into progressively small branches.

BRONCHIOLES
m Smaller branches of the bronchi.

ALVEOLI
m Also known as an air sacs.
m Are two cone-shaped, spongy organs
consisting of alveoli, blood vessels, elastic
tissue, and nerves.
m It consists of smaller divisions called LOBES.
RIGHT LUNG
m Has three lobes

LEFT LUNG
m Has two lobes
m The primary function of lungs is to bring air
into close contact with blood, which allows
gas exchange to occur.
m The lungs are surrounded by a membrane
called VISCERAL PLEURA.
THORACIC CAVITY
m The space that lungs occupy in the chest,
which lined by a membrane called PARIETAL
PLEURA.
PLEURAL SPACE
m The space between the Visceral and the
parietal pleura.
m It filled with a fluid that prevents friction
when the two membrane slide against each
other during respiration.
MEDIASTINUM
m A space in the central portion of the thoracic
cavity in which the heart contain.
DIAPHRAGM
m A group of muscles that separates the lower
portion of the thoracic cavity from the
abdomen.
VENTILATION
m A cyclic process which air is moved in and out
of the lungs.
m Each ventilation cycle consists of an
Inhalation and an Exhalation separated by a
period of rest.

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