AIRPORT PLANNING &

DESIGN

Department of Civil Engineering

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 AIRCRAFT CHARACTERISTICS
 Prime importance to airport planner & designer
 CHARACTERISTICS
i. Type of propulsion
ii. Size of aircraft
iii. Minimum turning radius
iv. Minimum circling radius
v. Speed of aircraft
vi. Capacity of aircraft
vii. Aircraft weight & wheel configuration
viii.Jet blast
ix. Fuel spillage
x. Noise
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i. ENGINE TYPE &PROPULSION
 Propulsion –through any type of engine - Piston
engine, Jet engine (Turbo jet, turbo propulsion or ram
jet) or Rocket engine
 Engine - speed limit km/hr
 Piston - 250 to750
 Ram jet - 1280 to2400
 Rocket - 4600

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Rocket Engine Jet Engine

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 ii. SIZE OF AIRCRAFT
 Involves
 Wing span
 Fuselage length
 Height
 Distance between main gears
 Wheel base
 Tail width
 Wing span decides
 Width of taxi way
 Clearance between two parallel traffic
 Size of apron & traffic
 Width of hanger gate
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 Length of aircraft decides

 Widening of taxi way on curves

 Size of apron and hanger

 Height of aircraft or Empennage height decides

 Height of hanger gate

 Gear tread & Wheel base decides

 Min turning radius of aircraft

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 WING SPAN

TAIL
WIDTH

MIN.
HEIGHT

LENGTH

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 iii. Minimum Turning Radius
 While turning- nose gear –steered & therefore makes
an angle with axis of main gear called angle of
rotation

 Point of intersection of axis of main gear & line

through axis of steered nose gear - Point of Rotation

 Max. angle of rotation = 50 to 60 degrees

 Line joining center of rotation & tip of farthest wing of

aircraft – Minimum Turning Radius

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iv.

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 Small gear aviation aircraft under UFR condition
=1.6km

 Bigger aircraft say 2 piston engine under VFR condition

= 3.2km

 Jet engine aircraft under IFR = 80km

v. Speed of Aircraft
 Split into 2 ways

 Cruising speed or ground speed – Speed of aircraft

w.r.t ground when aircraft flying in air at its max speed

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 Air Speed – Speed of aircraft relative to wind

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 vi. Capacity of Aircraft
 Depends on
 No. of passengers
 Baggage
 Cargo
 Fuel accommodated in aircraft
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viii.

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ix.

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 Very difficult to avoid fuel spillages at loading aprons
& hangers
 Bitumen pavement affected by fuel spillage
 Should bring within limit
 Constant supervision required at fuel inlets, engines &
main landing gear

x.

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 ZONING LAWS
 When final selection of airport site decided – suitable
zoning laws are made & implemented
 Plays vital role
 Preventing undesirable growth of structures
 Possibility of developing future obstructions

 Zoning Types
 Land use zoning
 Height zoning

 Land use Zoning – comes under part of

development, consists of 2parts
i. Closely or remotely related to aviation – Terminal
buildings, parking , aprons, runways, taxiways &
maintenance
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ii. Related to non aviation uses – Commercial,
industrial & recreational activities

 Height Zoning – termed as hazard zoning

 Used to protect approaches to airport from

obstruction of any object

 Rules & regulations – height of structures on land

surrounding airport

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RUNWAY LENGTH

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 Aircraft weight below approx. 90000kg – runway length
= 1800m
 Larger aircraft inc. wide bodies – runway length = 2400m
at sea level
 International wide body flights (heavier) – landing
requirements 3000m or more & takeoff requirements
4000m
 At sea level – 3000m adequate length to land virtually
any aircraft
 Longer runway needed- higher altitude due to decreased
density of air which reduces lift & engine power,
requiring higher take off & landing speed runway length

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 APRON MARKING

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LANDING DIRECTION INDICATOR

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WIND DIRECTION INDICATOR

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 RUNWAY MARKING

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 TAXIWAY MARKING
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