Week 6

Acid-Base Equilibrium
CE2C003 – Analytical Chemistry
Department of Chemical Engineering
UNIVERSITAS INTERNASIONAL SEMEN INDONESIA.

1
UISI® For internal use only OPP®
 pH
2H2O ↔ H3O+ + OH-
𝟏
pH = - log [H3O+] =
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝑯𝟑 𝑶+

Notice that [H3O+][OH-] = Kw = 10-14 at 25°C

pH + pOH = pKw = 14
𝑝𝐾𝑤
In neutral water pH = pOH = =7
2

Class Activity:
1. Concentration of hydrogen ion in a solution is 5.0 x 10-7. Calculate pH!
2. pH of a solution is 10.70. Calculate the concentration of hydrogen ion!

(ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY) 2
 Titration Curve
- Titration curve is a graph represents the titration equivalent point.
- Equivalent point is a state where the amount of acid and base are the
same stoichiometric.
- Indicator is used to indicate when equivalent point is reached.

Types of Titration Curve:

1. Strong Acid – Strong Base
2. Weak Acid – Strong Base
3. Strong Acid – Weak Base
4. Weak Acid – Weak Base

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 Strong Acid – Strong Base Titration Curve
Example 1:
50 mL of 0.100 M HCl is titrated by 0.100 M NaOH. Calculate pH before the titration
begins and after 10, 50 and 60 mL of titrant is added.

Solution:
a) Before the titration begins
[H3O+] = 0.100
pH = 1.00

b) After 10 mL of NaOH added

H3O+ + OH- ↔ H2O
t=0 5 1
r 1 1 1
4 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
t=t 4 0 1 [H3O+] = = 6.7 x 10-2 M
60 𝑚𝐿
pH = 2 – log 6.7 = 1.18
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 Strong Acid – Strong Base Titration Curve
Volume of pH
NaOH (mL)
0 1.00
Phenolphtalein
10 1.18
40 1.95 Blue bromothymol

49 3
Red methyl
49.95 4.3
50 7
50.05 9.7
51 11
60 11.96
Volume of NaOH (mL)
(ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY) 5
 Weak Acid – Strong Base Titration Curve
Example 2:
50 mL of weak acid 0.100 M HB with Ka = 1.0 x 10-5 is titrated by 0.100 M NaOH.
Calculate pH before the titration begins and after 10, 50 and 60 mL of titrant is added.

Solution:
a) Before the titration begins
HB + H2O ↔ H3O+ + B-
HB is a weak acid, thus HB is dissociated partially so that
[H3O+] ≅ [B-]
[HB] = 0.100 - [H3O+] ≅ 0.100
𝐻3 𝑂+ [𝐵− ]
Hence, Ka =
[𝐻𝐵]
𝐻3 𝑂+ 2
10-5 =
0.1
[H3O+] = 10-3
pH = 3.00
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 Weak Acid – Strong Base Titration Curve
Solution: (continued)
b) After 10 mL of NaOH added
If [H3O+] is considered very small,
HB + OH- ↔ B- + H2O
t=0 5 1
r 1 1 1 1
t=t 4 0 1 1

𝐻3 𝑂+ [𝐵− ]
Ka =
[𝐻𝐵]
1
𝐻3 𝑂+ 60
10-5 = 4
60
[H3O+] = 4 x 10-5
pH = 5 – log 4 = 4.40

(ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY) 7
Titration Indicator

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 Titration Feasibility
Example 3:
50 mL of 0.1 M HA was titrated by a 0.1 M strong base.
a. Calculate the minimum value of K so that when 49.95 mL of titrant is added, the
reaction between HA and OH- is complete and around equivalent point, pH changes 2
units by adding 2 drops (0.1 mL) of titrant.
b. Re-calculate (a) with ∆pH = 1 unit

Solution:
a. Around equivalent point, ∆pH = 2.00 for 0.1 mL additional titrant.
Consider 0.05 mL after equivalent point, pH = 9.70.
Hence, 0.05 mL before equivalent point, pH = 9.70 – 2.00 = 7.70
𝐻𝐴 𝐾𝑎
Use 𝑝𝐻 = 𝑝𝐾𝑎 − log to find Ka! Then K = .
𝐴− 𝐾𝑤
b. Re-calculate for ∆pH = 1.00!

(ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY) 9
 Buffer
Example 4:
Consider two flasks containing
(1) 100 mL of pure water, pH = 7.00 and BUFFER
(2) 100 mL of a solution consists of 10 mmole of HA solution, pKa = 7.00 and 10 mmole of
A (the conjugate base of A).
1 mmole of solid NaOH is added into every flask. Calculate the final pH of every flask!

1 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
(1) [OH-] = = 10-2
100 𝑚𝐿
pOH = 2
pH = 12.00
𝐻𝐴
(2) 𝑝𝐻 = 𝑝𝐾𝑎 − log
𝐴−
pH = 7.09

(ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY) 10
 Assignment

Diberikan larutan 250 mL HCl 0,02 M yang dicampurkan dengan 250 mL NaOH 0,01
M. Tentukan pH larutan yang diperoleh!

(ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY) 11
 Assignment
Diberikan larutan 250 mL HCl 0,01 M yang dicampurkan dengan 250 mL NaOH 0,01 M.
Tentukan pH larutan yang diperoleh!

Diberikan larutan 250 mL HCl 0,01 M yang dicampurkan dengan 250 mL NaOH 0,02 M.
Tentukan pH larutan yang diperoleh!

(ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY) 12
Thank You

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