TEACHING SPEAKING

Aminah (18178001)
Nadia Izzati (181780)
Riri Algafar (181780)
• Speaking is based on a particular view of what it means
to learn a language.
Many language learners regard speaking ability as the
measure of knowing a language.
• Bygate (1987) characterized oral interaction into
information routines and interaction routines

information routines

• expository: description, instruction,

comparison
• evaluative: explanation, justification,
prediction, decision.

interaction routines

• Service: job interview

• S o c i a l : dinner party
 Approaches of teaching
speaking
Bottom up
Learners learn from the Top down
small element to larger
element. Learners learn from
larger elements to the
E.g. phonemes – words smaller
– clauses – sentences –
complete texts
 Types of classroom speaking
performance
1. Imitative (e.g. drills to loosen the tongue)
2. Intensive (self-initiated or part of group work to
practice phonological and grammatical aspects)
3. Responsive (e.g. short replies to the teacher)
4. Interpersonal dialogue (maintaining social
relationship)
5. Extensive (monologue) e.g. short speeches
Micro- and macro-skills of speaking
Micro- and macro-skills of speaking
 Three important issues
Eliciting the specific it is
criterion you have important to carefully
designated for a task specify scoring
No speaking task is can be tricky procedures for a
capable of isolating
because beyond the response so that
the single skill of'oral
word level, spoken ultimately
production
language offers a you achieve as high
number of productive a reliability index as
options to test-takers. possibie.
Activities that Promote Speaking
Discussions

Role Play

Simulations

Storytelling

Interviews

Picture Narrating

Speeches

Games
Assesment speaking (Oral proficiency scoring categories (Brown, 2001, pp.
406-407))
references
• Nation, I.S.P. 2009. Teaching ESL/EFL Listening and
Speaking. New York: Routledge
• Brown, Douglas H. 2004. Language Assessment:
Principles and Classroom Practices. San Francisco:
Pearson Education,Inc
• Nunan, David. 1991. Methodology in Second Language.
Teaching: a textbook for teachers. New York: Prentice Hall