Pegantar Kesehatan Masyarakat

Defriman Djafri, SKM, MKM, Ph.D

Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas

defrimandjafri@fkm.unand.ac.id
defriman.djafri@mail.harvard.edu

 2018
2007 Johns
Fakultas
Hopkins
Kesehatan
Bloomberg
Masyarakat,
SchoolUniversitas
of Public Health
Andalas 1
 Outline

Memahami definisi kesehatan masyarakat.

Memahami perkemabangan kesehatan masyarakat, (lampau,

sekarang dan akan datang)

Memahami peran kesehatan masyarakat.

Menjelaskan fungsi kesehatan masyarakat.

 2018 Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas 2

 Definisi Kesehatan Masyarakat

“The science and art of

preventing disease, prolonging
life, and promoting health
through the organized efforts
and informed choices of
society, organizations, public
Photo: IF Fisher and EL Fisk
and private communities, and
individuals.”
Winslow CEA. The untilled field of public health. Mod Med 1920;2:183–91.

 2018 Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas 3

 Pelayanan dalam Kesehatan Masyarakat.

 2018 Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas 4

 Public Health Professional

A public health professional is a person educated in public health or

a related discipline who is employed to improve health through a
population focus.
- Committee on Educating Public Health Professionals for the 21st Century , The National Academy of Sciences, 2004

 2018 Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas 5

 Ten Essential Public Health Services

1. Monitor Health
2. Diagnose and Investigate
3. Inform, Educate, Empower
4. Mobilize Community Partnership
5. Develop Policies
6. Enforce Laws
7. Link to/Provide Care
8. Assure a Competent Workforce
9. Evaluate
10. Research

 2018 Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas 6

 What Determines the Health of a Population?

Genes and Biology

Social/Societal
Characteristics;
Total Ecology Health Behaviors

Medical Care

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Social determinants of health. http://www.cdc.gov/socialdeterminants/FAQ.html.

 2018 Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas 7

 Population Perspective of Relations

All populations

Human population

Community, nation

Family

Individual

 2018 Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas 8

 Health and Environment Perspective of Relations

Environmental Health

Public Health

Occupational Health

Family Health

Personal Health

 2018 Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas 9

 Meningkatkan Derajat Kesehatan Masyarakat

Lingkungan
Internvensi
Klinis

Masyarakat Penyakit Kematian

Intevensi
Kesehatan
Lingkungan Masyarakat

Masyarakat Penyakit Kematian

Sources: Adapted from Jonathan M .L

 2018 Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas 10

 Public Health: Past, Present and Future

Achievements of the 20th century:

Vaccinations

Improved sanitation

Fewer deaths from heart disease and stroke

Healthier mothers and babies

Reduction in tobacco use

 2018 Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas 11

 Public Health: Past, Present and Future

Emerging threats of the 21st century:

 Chronic diseases
 H1N1
 New and re-emerging infectious diseases
 Natural disasters
 Neglected Diseases

 2018 Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas 12

 Implementation:
How do you
Public Health do it?

Approach Intervention
Evaluation:
What
works?
Risk Factor
Identification:
What is the
cause?
Surveillance:
What
is the
problem?

Problem Response

 2018 Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas 13

 Public Health Approach

Requires the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data to

define the problem and outline:
 What
 Where
 When
 Who
 How

 2018 Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas 14

 Penilaian Kesehatan Masyarakat

Demografi, Dinamika penduduk

Epidemiologi Deskriptif
Mengukur kesehatan penduduk
Identifikasi kecenderungan & Pola
Menilai risiko kesehatan
Menilai kebutuhan kesehatan
Indenti sasaran prioritas utk kembangkan kebijakan
Epidemiologi Analitik
Kausa tingkat individu & Populasi

 2018 Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas 15

 Terima Kasih Atas Perhatiannya

 2018
2007 Johns
Fakultas
Hopkins
Kesehatan
Bloomberg
Masyarakat,
SchoolUniversitas
of Public Health
Andalas 16