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VVT-i
(Variable Valve Timing
intelligent)
VVT-i 2
INTRODUCTION
1. HERE’S WHAT I LOOK FOR IN AN ENGINE !
2. BASIC OPERATION OF THE FOUR-STROKE
ENGINE
3. PROCESS OF DRAWING AIR-FUEL
MIXTURE INTO CYLINDER
4. ENGINE RPM AND VALVE TIMNG
5. VVT-i CONTROL
6. VVT-i ADVANTAGE
7. VALVE TIMING
VVT-i 3
1. HERE’S WHAT I LOOK FOR IN AN ENGINE
“I wish it had more Wouldn't it be wonderful if your
“I wish it had better
power” engine addressed all of your
gas mileage” needs? Such as one that has
“I don’t need
to refuel yet” plenty of power yet uses very
little fuel and is friendly to the
environment?
“I wish they
wouldn’t demand
so much”
VVT-i 4
VVT-i
VVT-i 5
2. BASIC OPERATION OF THE
FOUR-STROKE ENGINE
Before we learn how the VVT-i system operates, let us first review
the basic operation of the four stroke engine.
Intake Compression
stroke stroke
Exhaust Combustion
stroke stroke
VVT-i 6
3. PROCESS OF DRAWING AIR-FUEL
MIXTURE INTO CYLINDER
As the piston begins its descent from its top-dead-
Intake lag (1) center, a vacuum is created in the cylinder, causing the
pressure in the cylinder to become lower than that of
the intake port. The air-fuel mixture that was standing
It takes me
by in the intake port does not move immediately when
awhile
the vacuum that is created in the cylinder is ready to
to get moving.
draw the air-fuel mixture into the cylinder.
Top-dead-center
The drawing of the air-fuel
mixture into the cylinder is
slightly delayed in relation to
the descent of the piston, a
phenomenon know as "intake
lag".
VVT-i 7
Due to the "intake lag", even after the
Intake lag piston turns around at its bottom-dead-
(2) center and begins its descent, the pressure
There’s in the cylinder for sometime remains lower
plenty of than that of the intake port.
room for us
Bottom-dead-center
Bottom-
dead-center
VVT-i 10
Let us confirm how the VVT-i achieves "high power output", "low
fuel consumption", and "clean exhaust gases" by using the various
driving condition as the VVT-i control example.
VVT-i 13
Idling (1)
Because the intake lag that occurs during idle
minimal, it is not necessary to open the intake
valve early. However, on a conventional engine
in which the valve timing is fixed, the valves
open early because they are designed with the
It’s hard to intake lag in mind, which takes place during
get high-rpm operation.
through.
Vacuum
Idling (2)
The exhaust
gases are not
coming in.
During normal driving, the VVT-i advances the valve timing to achieve a large
valve overlap. During normal driving, when the throttle valve is not opened too
widely, a vacuum is created in the intake port. Similar to when the engine is
idling, when the valve overlap is large, this vacuum causes the exhaust gases to
flow back into the intake side.
As the exhaust gases are drawn in, the vacuum in the intake port becomes lower
and reduces the resistance (the force that tries to pull the piston upward) during
the descent of the piston during the intake stroke.
Now I can
move more
smoothly!
The unburned fuel that is contained in the exhaust gases is re-introduced into
combustion, resulting in a decreased amount of HC emissions and cleaner
exhaust gases.
I’m clean!
Overlap : Large
However, closing the intake valve early also means that the intake valve opens
early, causing the valve overlap to increase. during idle, if the valve overlap is
large, the exhaust gases flows back due to the vacuum that is present in the
intake port. However, during sudden acceleration, in the intake port is low, and
there is practically no back flow of the exhaust gases.
VVT-i 20
Heavy-load with high rpm
I can’t catch up
with the piston.
Using sensors to
monitor the engine
rpm, the VVT-i
gradually delays the
timing to close the
It’s getting valve so that the
gradually maximum amount of
earlier. air-fuel mixture can be
drawn in according to
the increase in the
engine rpm.
VVT-i 21
6. VVT-i ADVANTAGE
IN
Stabilized combustion IN
Increased overlap
Reduced NOx
emission and Improved
re-burning of fuel economy
HC
VVT-i 24
Amount of mixture
blowing-back to intake port
is contained
Improved volumetric
efficiency
Improved volumetric
efficiency
Improved output
VVT-i 26
Range 3 EX
Medium
4 rpm & IN
Range Heavy Load
Range 2 EX
1
High rpm
Engine rpm IN
5 & Heavy
Load
EX
VVT-i 27
Cam
OCV
angle sensor
VVT-i
controller
Crank
angle sensor K3-VE
VVT-i 29
Lock pin
Hydraulic
pressure Spring
force
(Fixed on housing)
Vane
Rotor ( Fixed on exhaust camshaft )
EJ-VE
VVT-i 33
(4) Engine revolution sensor
K3-VE
EJ-VE
VVT-i 34
2. OPERATION
(1) Advance operation
(2) Retard operation
(3) Retention operation
VVT-i 35
(1) Advance operation (K3-VE)
Advance Signal
Duty ratio : Large
VVT-i
controller
Rotating
direction
Engine
ECU
Oil Drain
pressure
Operating direction
of spool valve
VVT-i 36
(1) Advance operation (EJ-VE)
Advance Signal
Duty ratio : Large
Oil
pressure Drain
OCV
Engine
ECU
Intake Exhaust
camshaft camshaft
VVT-i 37
(2) Retard operation (K3-VE)
Retard signal
Duty ratio: Small
Rotating
direction
Operating direction
of spool valve
VVT-i
controller
Engine ECU
Retard signal
Duty ratio: Small
Oil
Drain pressure
OCV
Engine
ECU
Intake Exhaust
camshaft camshaft
VVT-i 39
(3) Retention operation (K3-VE)
Retention signal
Duty ratio : Middle
Engine ECU
Oil pressure
VVT-i 40
(3) Retention operation (EJ-VE)
Retention signal
Duty ratio :
Middle
Oil pressure
OCV
Engine
ECU
Intake Exhaust
camshaft camshaft
VVT-i 41
3. VVT-i CONTROL
(1) Outline
(2) Control
(3) Valve timing
VVT-i 42
(1) Outline (K3-VE)
VVT-i controller
Advance Cam angle sensor
Retard
Oil pump
ECU
Each sensor
VVT-i 43
(1) Outline (EJ-VE)
Cam angle sensor
Signal rotor
Intake cam shaft
VVT-i controller
Signal rotor
Each sensor
VVT-i 44
(2) Control
Engine ECU
Throttle sensor
OCV Target valve timing Pressure sensor
Feedback
Compensation Water temp.
control
sensor
Engine revolution
Actual valve timing sensor
Cam angle sensor
VVT-i 45
(3) Valve timing (K3-VE)
TDC
IN open
2°EX close
30° 12°
Engine
Valve
rotating
direction Timing
Intake :
Open : BTDC 30° ~ -
12°
Close : ABDC 10° ~
52°
Exhaust :
52° Open : BBDC 30°
IN close Close : ATDC 2°
10° 30°EX open
BDC
VVT-i 46
(3) Valve timing (EJ-VE)
TDC
EX
6 close
°
2°
IN
open Valve
Timing
40 Intake :
Open : BTDC 40° ~ - 2°
Close : ABDC 20° ~ 62°
Exhaust :
Open : BBDC 44°
Close : ATDC 6°
62
°
44°
IN close EX open
20°
BDC