Writing The Methodology

Writing The Methodology

 This part is the core of your paper as it is a proof
that you use the scientific method.
 Through this section, your study’s validity is
judged. So, it is very important.
 Your methodology answers two main
questions:
1. How did you collect or generate the data?
2. How did you analyze the data?
 While writing this section, be direct and precise.
Write it in the past tense.
 Include enough information so that:
1. others could repeat the experiment and evaluate
whether the results are reproducible.
2. the audience can judge whether the results and
conclusions are valid.
 The explanation of the collection and the analysis of
your data is very important because;
1. readers need to know the reasons why you
chose a particular method or procedure instead
of others.
2. readers need to know that the collection or the
generation of the data is valid in the field of
study.
 Present the reasons for why you chose specific
experimental procedures.
 Methods Of Research
 This presents the an explaination of the method
used is a specific research study.

 Historical Method
 Historical method comprises the techniques and
guidelines by which historians use primary sources
and other evidence.
 Descriptive Method
 They describe situations. They do not make
accurate predictions, and they do not determine
cause and effect.
There are three main types of descriptive methods
1. Observational methods- With the observational method
animal and human behavior is closely observed.
2. Case-study methods- Case study research involves an
in-depth study of an individual or group of indviduals.
3. Survey methods- In survey method research,
participants answer questions administered through
interviews or questionnaires.
 Experimental Method
 The experimental method is a systematic and
scientific approach to research in which the
researcher manipulates one or more variables, and
controls and measures any change in other
variables.
 The Sampling Design
 This section pertains to the number of
participants that will be involved in the study
 It presents the selection method for the
participants
 Researchers may choose from, Simple random
sampling method, stratified sampling,
convenience sampling and purposive sampling
method.
 Sample Size
 The sample size is the size of population under study.

Sampling Design Descriptions

 Simple random sampling method- A simple
random sample is a subset of a statistical
population in which each member of the subset
has an equal probability of being chosen.
(ex. Out of 200 individuals only 25 random people
have been chosen.)
 Stratified sampling method- Stratified sampling is a
probability sampling technique wherein the researcher
divides the entire population into different subgroups or
strata, then randomly selects the final subjects
proportionally from the different subgroups.
EX.
 Convenience sampling method- Convenience
sampling is a method that relies on data collection
from population members who are conveniently
available to participate in study.
(ex. Facebook polls or questions)

 Purposive sampling method- Also known

as judgmental, selective or subjective sampling,
purposive sampling relies on the judgement of the
researcher when it comes to selecting the units that
are to be studied. Usually, the sample being
investigated is quite small. When taking the sample,
reject people who do not fit a particular profile.
(ex. If your topic is all about students,all your
samples are supposedly only students.)