NEBOSH

Diploma Part 1

Unit 1D1
Selection, use & maintenance of work equipment

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 Legislation
• Supply of Machinery (Safety)
Regulations 1992
• Provision & Use of Work
Equipment Regulations 1998
(PUWER)
• European Directive AUWED 1995
required PUWER 1992 to be
amended

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Lifting Operations & Lifting
Equipment Regulations 1998
(LOLER)

• Required by AUWED
• Most existing legislation on lifting
repealed
• LOLER adds to PUWER

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 Legislation

• PUWER 1998 incorporates

legislation on power presses and
woodworking machinery - the old
legislation has been repealed
• Three ACoPs

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 PUWER

• Equipment first provided for use

after 5th December 1998 must
comply with all of PUWER
• Equipment sold from one company
to another treated as new work
equipment

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 PUWER 1998

• All work equipment in use before

5th December 1998 must comply
with regulations 1-24 & 31-39 but
regulations 26-30 do not apply until
December 2002
• All hired equipment must comply
in full from 5th December 1998

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What is work equipment?
• Tool box tools
• Single machines e.g. circular saws
• Laboratory apparatus
• Lifting equipment
• Ladders
• Pressure washers
• Installations
• Off road motor vehicles

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 PUWER 1998
4(1) Every employer shall ensure that work
equipment is so constructed or adapted as to be
suitable for the purpose for which it is used or
provided

4(2) In selecting work equipment every employer shall

have regard to the working conditions and the
risks to health and safety of persons which exist in
the premises in which the work equipment is to be
used and any additional risk posed by the use of the
work equipment

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 PUWER 1998
4(3) Every employer shall ensure that work
equipment is used only for the operations for
which, and under conditions for which, it is
suitable

4(4) Suitable means suitable in any respect

which it is reasonably foreseeable will affect
the health & safety of any person

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 PUWER 1998
Regulation 4 is a key regulation as it
addresses work equipment safety
from three aspects:

• Its initial integrity

• The place where it will be used
• The purpose for which it will be used

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 Maintenance
5: Employers shall ensure that work equipment is
maintained in an efficient state, in efficient
working order and in good repair.

• Routine maintenance
• Planned preventative maintenance

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 Inspection
6(1): Every employer shall ensure that, where the
safety of work equipment depends on the
installation conditions it is inspected:

• after installation & before being put into service

for the first time
• after assembly at a new site or location

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 Inspection
6(2): Every employer shall ensure that work
equipment exposed to conditions causing
deterioration which is liable to result in
dangerous situations is inspected:

• at suitable intervals; and

• each time that exceptional circumstances which
are liable to jeopardise the safety of the work
equipment have occurred

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 Inspection regime
• Scope and frequency will depend
on type of equipment, where it is
used and how it is used
• Only competent persons to inspect
• Records to be kept until next
inspection Regulation 6(3)

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 Inspection
6(4) Every employer shall ensure that no work
equipment:

(a) leaves his undertaking; or

(b) if obtained from another undertaking, is
used in his undertaking
unless it is accompanied by physical
evidence that the last inspection required to
be carried out under this regulation has been
carried out

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 Specific Risks
7(1): Where the work equipment is likely to
involve a specific risk to health or safety,
every employer shall ensure that:

(a) the use of that work equipment is

restricted to those persons given the task of
using it; and
(b) repairs, modifications, maintenance &
servicing is only carried out by specific
persons

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 Specific Risks
7(2): The employer shall ensure that the persons
designated for the purposes of (b) above
have adequate training

The risks should be controlled by:

1. Elimination
2. Physical methods (hardware)
3. Software measures e.g. training

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Information & instructions
8: Builds on HASAWA, MHSWR and
‘Consultation’ Regulations

Employer must take into account:

• Work conditions
• Abnormal situations
• Previous experience
• Skills & experience of employees
• Disability and language difficulties

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 Training
9: Employee and supervisor training

To ensure the training is adequate:

• Evaluate employee competence

• Evaluate supervisor competence
• Train to make up any shortfalls

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Conformity with Community
requirements
10: Every employer shall ensure that work
equipment provided meets any relevant EC
directive on such equipment

• Article 100a
• CE marking and supporting documentation
• CE marking not foolproof

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 Revocations
• Proscribed Dangerous Machines Order 1964
• Power Presses Regulations 1965
• Power Presses (Amendment) Regs.1972
• The Abrasive Wheels Regulations 1970
• The Woodworking Machines Regs.1974
• The Construction (Health, Safety & Welfare)
Regs. 1996 (Reg. 27 only)
• PUWER 1992

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 Supply of Machinery (Safety)
Regulations 1992
• Incorporates the requirements of the Machinery
Directive
• Where machinery complies with the regulations it
has open access to EU
• Imported machinery must conform with the
regulations
• Excludes machinery covered by other directives &
people lifting equipment

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Evidence of conformity
Technical file and certificates required

Technical file should contain:

• Drawings
• Health & safety requirements
• Standards & Technical specifications
• Description of safety devices
• Copies of test reports
• Operating instructions

Certificate of Conformity + CE Mark

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High Risk Machines (Schedule 4)
Manufacturer can:
1. Send a copy of the technical file to an approved
body for retention
2. Submit the technical file to an approved body
to issue a Certificate of Adequacy
3. Submit the file to an approved body and
request an EC type examination certificate.

Approved Bodies are appointed by the Secretary

of State and notified to the EC

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Maintenance

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 Maintenance

• Preventative or pro-active

• Breakdown or reactive

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 Preventative Maintenance
Essential for components or equipment
whose failure could produce a serious
health and safety risk
Planned preventative maintenance requires:
• Identification of maintenance needs
• Identification of competent persons
• Materials and tools requires
• Documentation required
• Scheduling and assessment of costs

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 Breakdown Maintenance
Used where the costs of system failure and
threats to health and safety are low

• Requires an element of planning

• Tools/spare parts should be available
• Competent persons available

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 Advantages of types of maintenance

Preventative:
• Maximises life of
plant, equipment etc.
• Disruption to
operations minimised
• Less likelihood of
successful damages
claims
Reactive:
• Low initial running
costs
• Money only spent
when necessary
• Minimum number of
maintenance staff
required

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 Scheduling

• List of equipment, systems to be

maintained
• Who will do the maintenance and when
• Emergency help contacts
• Sources of supply of parts
• Sources of specialist tools

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 Scheduling
• Working instructions
• Issue of permits
• Issue of tools, equipment and parts
• Notification of operators &
supervisors
• Completion of work logs
• Keeping records

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 Controlling maintenance risks
• Appropriate equipment
• Use of safeguards
• Use of safe systems of
work/permits
• Use of competent persons
• Two person teams for high risk
• Communication systems for lone
workers
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• Control of contractors
• Provision of adequate
information, instruction,
training & supervision
• Provision of signs,
markings and labels
• Supply and use of PPE
32
 Statutory Inspections

• PUWER 98 (Power presses)

• Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
• Pressure Systems & Transportable
Gas Containers Regulations 1989
• LOLER 98
• COSHH 1999

Inspection of pressure vessels determined by manufacturer

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Types of equipment/frequency

• See table on Page 22 of notes

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 Statutory Inspection
Aimed at high risk plant and equipment

Records of inspection can be kept in any

format but must be available for inspection
by employees, trade union representatives,
and inspectors from HSE or EHO

An example of the type of record to be kept

for an LEV system is shown on Page 23

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 Competent Persons
• Statutory inspections must be
carried out by competent persons
• Can be internal or external but
beware conflicts of interest
• Onus upon owner who will be held
in breach of the legislation
• Specialist inspection organisations
are in breach of contract
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 Lifting

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Lifting Operations & Lifting Equipment
Regulations 1998 (LOLER)

• Apply to all lifting equipment

• Existing, new, S/H, leased
• All premises covered by HASAWA
• Read in conjunction with PUWER
1998
• Risk assessment required for all
lifting operations
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Risk factors to be taken into account
• Type of load
• Risk of load falling & striking someone
or something and the consequences
• Risk of the equipment striking someone
or something and its consequences
• The risk of the equipment falling or
falling over whilst in use and its
consequences

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Types of equipment covered

• Cranes • Vehicle hoists

• Goods and/or • Lorry loaders
passenger lifts • Gin wheels
• MEWPs • Ropes/slings/chains
• Scissor lifts • Fork lift trucks

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 LOLER 98
3: Lifting equipment must be suitable
4: Every part of load/lifting
equipment must be of adequate
strength and stability
5: People lifts must prevent crushing,
trapping etc., allow trapped
passengers to be freed and have a
device to prevent falling

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 LOLER 98
6: Safe positioning of lifting
equipment to prevent load or
equipment strikes.
SWL marking
7: Marking of equipment to show
safe use characteristics e.g. goods
only lifts

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 LOLER 98
8: Planning and carrying out of lifting
operations by competent persons
with appropriate supervision
9: Examination of lifting equipment:
- for persons at least every six months
- accessories every six months e.g. slings
- all other equipment every 12 months
- after exceptional circumstances (all
equipment)
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 LOLER 98
10: Competent persons to inform
employer of defects and record
inspection
11: Requirements for record keeping
Availability of records
Transfer of records with
equipment

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Display Screen Equipment

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 DSE
• Alphanumeric or graphic
• Cathode ray tube, liquid crystal
Excludes:
• Screens for TV or film shows
• Calculators etc.
• Window typewriters
• Cash points
• Displays in moving vehicles e.g. gauges
• DSE on a means of transport

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 Users
• Dependence on the use of DSE
• No individual discretion
• DSE skills/training required
• In use more than an hour at a time
• Use more or less daily
• Fast transfer of information via the
screen
• High levels of concentration required

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 Workstation
• Screen
• Keyboard and mouse
• Desk and chair
• Printer/scanner
• Document holder
• Environment

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 Risk assessment
• Required for all users
• To cover whole of work station
• Reduction of risks so far as is
reasonably practicable
• Recording results

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 Display screen

• Defined, clear characters

• Stable, flicker free images
• Adjustable for brightness etc.
• Be mechanically adjustable
• Freedom from glare

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 Keyboard

• Tiltable and separate from screen

• Space in front for wrist support
• Matt finish
• Legible characters

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 Work surface

• Large low reflectance surface

• Document holder
• Adequate space for all equipment
and documents
• Wrist rest if required
• Adjustable height if necessary

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 Chair

• 5 castor as a minimum
• Seat adjustable for height
• Back adjustable
• Footrest if required

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Environment
• Space
• Lighting
• Noise
• Heat
• Humidity

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User/equipment interface

• Suitable software
• System performance feedback
• Supply of information in suitable
format and at a suitable pace

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 Work routines

• Sufficient breaks
• Variation of screen task
• Variation of general tasks

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 Eyes and eyesight
• Eye tests on request repeated at
regular intervals
• Provision of special spectacles if
required (at employers cost)
• Employees cannot be forced to
have eye test
• No permanent damage identified

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 Training & Information
• Workstation hazards & risks
• Potential injuries
• Workstation adjustment
• Reporting of symptoms
• Minimising glare/reflections
• Eye tests and work breaks
• Self assessment

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Health Risks from use of DSE

• WRULDs e.g. RSI, back pain

• Eye strain and headaches
• Fatigue and stress
• Photosensitive epilepsy
• Electromagnetic radiation

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