Data Communication & Networks

Lecture 1
Introduction

Engr. Mazhar Islam

Department of IT (Telecom)
Hazara University Mansehra
 Grading Policy

 Final Exam: 55%

 Mid Term I : 17%
 Mid Term II: 18%
 Assignments/Quizzes: 10%

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Reading
 Text book:
 Data Communications and Networking, 4/e
 B.A. Forouzan,
McGraw-Hill, 2003,
ISBN 0-07-292354-7.
 Reference books:
 Computer Networking, a top-down approach
featuring the Internet (3rd edition),
 J.K.Kurose, K.W.Ross,
Addison-Wesley, 2005,
ISBN 0-321-26976-4.
 Computer Networks, A Systems Approach
L. Peterson & Davie

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Data Communications

 The term telecommunication means

communication at a distance. The word data
refers to information presented in whatever
form is agreed upon by the parties creating
and using the data. Data communications are
the exchange of data between two devices
via some form of transmission medium such
as a wire cable.

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Fundamental Characteristics
 The effectiveness of a data communication
system depend on four fundamental
characteristics:
 Delivery
 Accuracy
 Timelines
 Jitter

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Five Components of Data
Communication

1. Message
2. Sender
3. Receiver
4. Medium
5. Protocol
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Direction of data flow

Simplex

Half Duplex

Full Duplex

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Networks

 A network is a set of devices (often referred

to as nodes) connected by communication
links. A node can be a computer, printer, or
any other device capable of sending and/or
receiving data generated by other nodes on
the network.

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Networks: key issues

 Network criteria
 Performance
 Transit time
 Response Time
 Reliability
 recovery from failure
 Security
 Of data, media, equipment.
 Making sure network resources are used by
authorized persons only.
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Terminology

 The throughput or bandwidth of a channel is

the number of bits it can transfer per second

 The latency or delay of a channel is the time

that elapses between sending information and
the earliest possible reception of it

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Network topologies

 Topology defines the way hosts are

connected to the network

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Type of connections

 Point-to-point
 One-to-one communication
 Unicasting
 Point-to-multipoint
 Communication channel shared among nodes
 One-to-many
 Broadcasting
 Multicasting
 Multipoint-to-point
 Many-to-one

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Properties of Point-to-point links

 Advantages
 Dedicated channels – more bandwidth
 Dedicated bandwidths – guaranteed Quality of
Service
 Security

 Disadvantages
 Larger resources – higher costs
 Decreased reliability (multipoint-to-point?)
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Network topology issues

a goal of any topology

1. high throughput (bandwidth)

2. low latency

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Categories of Topology

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Mostly used network topologies

bus

mesh

ring
star
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Mesh topology

Number of links as function of number of nodes, N: N(N-1)/2

Number of connections per node (degree): N-1 (constant)
Link bandwidth - bandwidth of a single link, r
Total bandwidth – N(N-1)/2 * r

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Ring topology

1 2 3 4 5 N-2 N-1 N

Number of links as a function of number of nodes, N: N (linear)

Number of connections per node (degree): 2 (constant)
Link bandwidth - bandwidth of a single link, r
Total bandwidth - N * r

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Star topology

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A hybrid topology: a star backbone with three bus networks

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Protocol

 protocols define format, order of msgs sent

and received among network entities, and
actions taken on msg transmission, receipt
a human protocol and a computer network protocol:
time
Hi
TCP connection
req.
Hi
TCP connection
Got the reply.
time? Get http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/index.htm

2:00
<file>
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Readings

 Chapter 1 :Data Communications &

Networking By Behrouz A Forouzan

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