Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Why impose?
revenue collection, protection of domestic
industry, political control
2
Protectionism: Logic and Illogic
Countries use protectionist measures to shield a country’s
markets from intrusion by foreign competition and imports.
(3) Standards:
1. Intergovernmental acceptances of testing methods and standards
2. Packaging, labeling, and marking
(6) Others:
1. Marketing agreements
Dumping - is the export of a commodity at below cost
or at least the sale of a commodity at a lower price
abroad than domestically.
Result of
Excess production
Cyclical or seasonal factors
Attempt to force domestic producers out of business
Dumping is classified as either:
European Union
• Best-known example of a common market.
• Goals include promoting economic and social progress, introducing
European citizenship as complement to national citizenship, and
giving EU a significant role in international affairs.
Countervailing duties
Voluntary export restraints
Standard disparities
International Cartels
Ad Valorem
Comparison of an Import Quota to an Import
Tariff
Social dumping, Environmental dumping,
Cultural dumping
Department of Commerce:
http://www.commerce.nic.in