Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Text Book
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What is AI?
Some possible definitions from the textbook:
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What is Intelligence?
Intelligence:
• “the capacity to learn and solve problems” (Websters
dictionary)
• in particular,
– the ability to solve novel problems
– the ability to act rationally
– the ability to act like humans
Artificial Intelligence
• build and understand intelligent entities or agents
• 2 main approaches: “engineering” versus “cognitive
modeling”
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AI definition 1: Thinking humanly
• Need to study the brain as an information
processing machine: cognitive science and
neuroscience
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AI definition 2: Acting humanly
Machine Human
Player
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AI definition 2: Acting humanly
• The Turing Test
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AI definition 3: Thinking rationally
• Idealized or “right” way of thinking
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AI definition 4: Acting rationally
• A rational agent acts to optimally achieve its goals
• Goals are application-dependent and are expressed in terms
of the utility of outcomes
• Being rational means maximizing your utility
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History of AI?
1. Expert Systems
An ES is a computer program designed to act as an
expert in a particular domain (area of expertise). It
typically includes a sizeable knowledge base, consisting
of facts about the domain and rules for application to
those facts. Medical, chemical, geological
2. Natural Language Processing
Goal is to enable people and computers to
communicate in ordinary or natural English.
- Comprehension of natural language:
Keyboard input, speech recognition
- Generation of natural language.
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Major AI Areas
4. Game Playing
e.g. Chess
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Major AI Areas
7. Automatic Programming
The aim is a computer system that could develop
programs by itself, in response to and in
accordance with the specifications of a program
developer
8. Intelligent Computer Aided Instruction
Computerised tutors that shape their teaching
techniques to fit the learning patterns of individual
students
9. Machine Learning & Emergent Computation
e.g. Neural Networks, Genetic algorithm.
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AI PREHISTORY
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AI PREHISTORY
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