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ANSYS/LS-DYNA
What is ANSYS/LS-DYNA?
PUNCH
BLANK
DIE
F=0 F 0 F = ma
IMPLICIT METHOD
EXPLICIT METHOD
Comparison of Implicit and Explicit Methods
Implicit Time Integration:
𝒖t+Dt = 𝑲 −𝟏 𝑭𝒂t+Dt
Linear Problems:
– Unconditionally stable when [K] is linear
– Large time steps can be taken
Nonlinear problems:
– Solution obtained using a series of linear approximations (Newton-Raphson)
– Requires inversion of nonlinear stiffness matrix [K]
– Small iterative time steps are required to achieve convergence
– Convergence is not guaranteed for highly nonlinear problems
Explicit Time Integration
𝒂t = 𝑴 −𝟏 𝑭𝒆𝒙𝒕
t − 𝑭 𝒊𝒏𝒕
t
• 𝑭𝒉𝒈 is the hourglass resistance force and 𝑭𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒄𝒕 is the contact force.
• The velocities and displacements are then evaluated:
where Dtt+Dt/2=0.5(Dtt+ Dtt+ Dt) and Dtt- Dt/2=0.5(Dtt- Dtt+ Dt)
Explicit Time Integration
• For linear problems, the time step can be arbitrarily large (always stable)
• For nonlinear problems, time step size may become small due to convergence
difficulties
• Only stable if time step size is smaller than critical time step size
𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡
2
Δ𝑡 ≤ Δ𝑡 =
𝜔𝑚𝑎𝑥
Note: The critical time step size for explicit time integration depends on element length and material properties
(sonic speed).
ANSYS/LS-DYNA Time Step Size
• ANSYS/LS-DYNA checks all elements when calculating the
required time step. For stability reasons a scale factor of 0.9
(default) is used to decrease the time step: Dt 0.9 l
c
• The characteristic length l and the wave propagation velocity c
are dependent on element type:
E
Beam elements: l = length of the element c=
ρ
Shellelements:
Jobname.rst
• Explicit dynamics results file that is nearly
identical to standard ANSYS .rst
• Primarily used to review results in the
general ANSYS postprocessor (POST1)
• Contains results at a relatively small
number of time steps (e.g., 10 - 1000)
(continued)
File Organization
Description of ANSYS Files Generated During an ANSYS/LS-DYNA run:
Jobname.his
• Explicit dynamics time history results files used in POST26
• Contains results for a subset of nodes and/or elements of the model
• Typically will contain results at significantly more time steps than
Jobname.rst
TimehistoryASCIIfiles
• Specialized files containing additional information about the explicit analysis
• User must specify which files are written before solution
• ASCII files include:
GLSTAT: Global energies
MATSUM: Material energies
SPCFORC: Nodal constraint reaction forces
RCFORC: Resultant contact interface forces
RBDOUT: Rigid body data
NODOUT: Nodal data
ELOUT: Element data
etc....
(continued)
File Organization
• Since the LS-TAURUS and LS-POST postprocessors automatically
come with ANSYS/LS-DYNA, the following two DYNA results files
are easily generated during an explicit dynamic analysis:
• D3PLOT
– LS-TAURUS and LS-POST binary results file
– Similar to ANSYS Jobname.rst
• D3DHDT
– LS-TAURUS and LS-POST time-history results file
– Similar to ANSYS Jobname.his