Technology

Management
• Technology Management (MOT) is concerned
with
development, planning, implementation &
assessment of technological capabilities to
shape and accomplish
the strategic & operational objectives of an
organization or central planning goals and
priorities of a nation.

• Technology Management can also be defined as

the
integrated planning, design, optimization,
operation
and control of technological products, processes
and services, a better definition would be the
management of the use of technology for
human advantage.
Technology Management (MOT) is mainly
carried out at two levels:
• At National Level
• At Enterprise Level

• a. Technology Management (MOT) At National

Level-
main obejective of is to assure that the nation
and its business firms gain sustainable
technological compeitiveness in the
international markets and maintain strong
position in the international business on long-
term basis.
a. At national level, the domain of technology
management includes the following areas:

• Developing approprate technology strategy for the

nation (e.g. internalisation vs externalisation strategy
of the nation)
• Technology forecasting (i.e. forecasting the
technological changes)
• Justification / appropriateness of new technology (includ
justification for technology adoption )
• Sustainable technologies; development of
renewable energy technologies
• Sustainable economic growth
• Planning national technology portfolio
a. Contd …
• Knowledge mangement (i.e. creation,
deployment and protection of national
technological knowledge base)
• Managing external technology acquisitions
viz guidelines for foreign technology
collaborations
• Managing technology absorption
• Managing technology diffusion
• Performance measurement of new
technology
• Technology and environment management
(Green accounting, Environment Protection
Act, 1986 etc)
• Technolgy and health & societal management
• b. Technology Management (MOT) At Enterprise
Level ----
main objective is to assure that the firm gains &
maintains a srong position in its core technologies
which are relevant to its product-market
relationship and that these technologies support
the firm’s competitive strategies.
• b. Overview of Technology Management (MOT) At
Enterprise Level ----
• b. Evolution of Technology Management (MOT) At
Enterprise Level ----
 Technology and Environment

Technology as a factor in resource usage.

Environmental degradation can be described as a
product of population, resource use per person
(affluence) and environmental damage per unit of
resource used (technology).

What sort of technological change is

required?
Will technological change be enough?
What other changes might be required?
Technology as a cause of environmental
problems

Technology is theory and has no direct impact on the

environment as it simply the tools we create to
simplify tasks. Technological environmental impact
lies in the methods we use to create the tools that is
using non renewable energy sources to manufacturer
the technology , what the technology is made of
that is plastics or non gradable and with what
material we produce and use technology that has an
effect
 Technology and Society

It refers to cyclical co-dependence, co-influence, and

co-production of technology and society upon the
other (technology upon culture, and vice versa). This
synergistic relationship occurred from the dawn of
humankind, with the invention of simple tools and
continues into modern technologies such as
the printing press and computers. The academic
discipline studying the impacts of science, technology,
and society, and vice versa is called science and
technology studies.
Positive Impacts Of Technology On Society

• Technology Has Mechanized Agriculture

• Technology Has Improved Transportation

• Technology Has Improved Communication

• Technology Has Improved Education And

Learning Process
Negative Impacts Of Technology On Society

• Resource Depletion

• Increased Population

• Increased Pollution
 Technology Impact Analysis

• Technological and economic utilisation

analyses to determine the best systems and
their application potentials

• Life cycle analyses and ecological

assessments

• System analyses for individual technologies to

accompany research with improved
technology foresight procedures

• Environmental and system analyses to support

research planning and follow-ups
• Development of market launch and market
penetration strategies with consideration of
different geographical and chronological
aspects and a derivation of recommendations
for action in political consultancy

• • Conceptional work to improve the integration

and assessment of technologies from the point
of view of sustainability

• Methodical approaches to further development

of subsidy instruments close to the political
process
Science and technology in
India
After independence, Jawaharlal Nehru initiated reforms to
promote higher education and science and technology in India.
The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)—was inaugurated on
18 August 1951 at Kharagpur in West Bengal by the minister of
education Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
More IITs were soon opened in Bombay, Madras, Kanpur and
Delhi as well in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Beginning in the 1960s, close ties with the Soviet Union
enabled the Indian Space Research Organisation to rapidly
develop the Indian space program and advance nuclear power
in India even after the first nuclear test explosion by India on
18 May 1974 at Pokhran.
India accounts for about 10% of all expenditure on research and
development in Asia and the number of scientific publications grew by
45% over the five years to 2007.
India has only 140 researchers per 1,000,000 population, compared
to 4,651 in the United States.
India invested US$3.7 billion in science and technology in 2002–2003.
For comparison, China invested about four times more than India,
while the United States invested approximately 75 times more than
India on science and technology.
The highest-ranked Indian university for engineering and technology
in 2014 was the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay at number 16.
The Defence Research and Development Organisation was formed in
1958.
Indian agriculture benefited from the developments made in the
field of biotechnology, for which a separate department was created
in 1986 under the Ministry of Science and Technology.
The Indian economy underwent economic reforms in 1991, leading
to a new era of globalisation and international economic integration.
Economic growth of over 6% annually was seen between 1993–
2002.
Bangalore is considered to be the technological capital of India.
IT, Biotechnology, Aerospace, Nuclear science, manufacturing
technology, automobile engineering, chemical engineering, ship
building, space science, electronics, computer science and other
medical science related research and development are occurring on
a large scale in the country.
The southern part of India is responsible for the majority of
technology and advancements the country has made. The golden
triangle of IT and technology (Hyderabad, Bangalore and Chennai)
forms the backbone of Indian manufacturing, R&D, science and
technology.
Science and technology
policy in India
In 2013, Government of India released a new
science, technology and innovation policy that
lays greater thrust on innovation, establishing
research institutes and encourages women
scientists with an aim to position itself among the
top five scientific powers in the world by 2020.
India has declared 2010-20 as the “Decade of
Innovation”. The Government has stressed the
need to enunciate a policy to synergize science,
technology and innovation and has also
established the National Innovation Council.
The STI Policy 2013 is in
furtherance of these
pronouncements-
Investments in Science and Technology-
Global investments in science, technology and
innovation are estimated at $1.2 trillion as of
2009. India’s R&D investment is less than 2.5% of
this and is currently under 1 % of the GDP.
Increasing Gross Expenditure in Research and
Development (GERD) to 2% of the GDP has been a
national goal for some time.
Achieving this in the next five years is realizable if
the private sector raises its R&D investment to at
least match the public sector R&D investment
from the current ratio of around 1 :3.
Position in Research Publications-
The gross budgetary support for the science and
technology sector has significantly increased during
the last decade.
India ranks ninth globally in the number of scientific
publications and 12th in the number of patents filed.
But the percentage of Indian publications in the top 1
% impact making journals is only 2.5%.
By 2020, the global share of publications must double
and the number of papers in the top 1 % journals
must quadruple from the current levels.
Key Elements:
-Promoting the spread of scientific temper amongst all sections of
society.
-Establishing world class infrastructure for R&D for gaining global
leadership in some select frontier areas of science.
-Creating an environment for enhanced Private Sector Participation in
R&D.
-Enabling conversion of R&D outputs into societal and commercial
applications by replicating hitherto successful models as well as
establishing of new PPP structures.
-Creating a robust national innovation system.
-Positioning India among the top five global scientific powers by 2020.
-Linking contributions of science, research and innovation system with
the inclusive economic growth agenda and combining priorities of
excellence and relevance.
-Fostering resource-optimized, cost-effective innovations across size
and technology domains.
Policy talks about modifying the intellectual
property regime to provide for marching rights for
social good when supported by public funds and
co-sharing of patents generated in the public
private partnership mode.
It Aims at producing and nurturing talent in
science, to stimulate research in universities, to
develop young leaders in the field of science and
to reward performance.
Providing incentives for commercialization of
innovations with focus on green manufacturing.
Launching newer mechanisms for nurturing
Technology Business Incubators (TBls) and science-
led entrepreneurship.
Criticisms-
The document is full of wishes and desires.
The declaration lists 12 points to capture India’s
aspirations in STI — promoting the spread of
scientific temper; enhancing skills; making careers
in science, research and innovation attractive etc.
All of these aim to create a robust national
innovation system.
But it hardly describes any structural or
procedural changes which will achieve the grand
goal of integrating science, technology and
innovation to create value in an inclusive manner.