CE-210

Civil Engineering Drawing &

Graphics
Engr. Ahmad jan
Lecturer Civil Engg Department.

Department of Civil Engineering SUIT, Peshawar

 Lecture 9

Super Structures
(Walls)
Super Structures

 The portion above the ground floor level is

known as super structure.
 It includes walls, columns, beams, floors,
roofs, doors, windows, lintels, staircases etc
 The structures constructed to enclose an
area , to support floors and roofs or divide
the floor area of a building into a required
number of rooms are known as walls.
WALLS
 Walls may be constructed of any suitable
material like bricks, stones, concrete,
timber, steel etc.
 Walls are built to partition living area into
different parts. They impart privacy and
protection against temperature, rain and
theft.
Purposes of Walls
 To enclose an area of the building
 To support the floors and roofs of the
building
 To divide the floor area of a building into
a number of rooms as required
 To protect the inmates from heavy winds
 To provide privacy to the inmates
CLASSIFICATION OF WALLS

 Walls are classified into 3 categories

I. According to Load Bearing tendency

II. According to material of construction

III. According to use
According to Load Bearing tendency
1. Load Bearing Walls
 In this type of structure the load on the structure is
transferred vertically downward through walls.

 Loads from roof and floors gets transferred to wall

and then wall has to transfer these loads as well as
self weight.

 Such constructions are used in residential buildings.

 These walls are usually constructed as main walls of a
building.
 Minimum wall thickness used is 9in.
 Solid or hollow but thick in cross section.
According to Load Bearing tendency
2. Non-load Bearing Walls
 Do not support floors or roof of a building
 Do not take any of the superimposed load
but should be strong enough to take their
own load
 Constructed for screening and partitioning
to divide the floor area into a number of
rooms
 Partition walls or non load bearing walls are
thin comparative to load bearing walls.
 Solid but thin in cross section
According to material of construction
 Brick Masonry Walls
 Stone Masonry Walls
 Reinforced Brick Masonry Walls
 Reinforced Concrete Walls
 Precast hollow concrete block walls
i. Standard Size Blocks 39 x 20 x 19
ii. Partition Hollow Blocks 39 x 10 x 19
iii. Building Tiles 29 x 20 x 11
 Composite Masonry Walls
Differences Between Load Bearing Walls
And Partition Walls
S. No. Load Bearing Walls
1 They carry loads from roof,
floor, self-weight etc.
2 They are thick and hence
occupy more floor area.
3 As the material required is
more, the construction cost is
more.
4 Stones or bricks are used for
the construction.
Partition Walls
They carry self-weight only.
These walls are thin and hence
occupy less floor area.
As the material required is less, the
construction cost is less.
Stones are not used for the
construction of partition walls.