SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY

ANKIT RAJ
Mechanical Engineering
Session-2016-2020
Roll No-17/M/64 LE
Gaya college of Engineering,Gaya
Content
• History
• Introduction
• Properties
• Mechanicsm of SMA’s
• Types of Shape Memory Alloys
• Examples
• Application
• Conclusion
History of SMA
• 1938: Arne Olande observed shape and recovery ability of Au-Cd
alloy..
• 1938: Greninger and Mooradian observed the formation and
disappearance of martensitic phase by varying the
temperature of a Cu-Zn alloy.
• 1962-63: Ni-Ti alloys were first developed by the United States
NavalOrdnance Laboratory.
• Phase transformation occur either thermally or mechanically.
Introduction
• A material that can remember its shape.
• If deformed, they recover their original shape upon heating.
• A shape memory has two stable phases.
• High temperature phase called Austenite.
• Low temperature phase called martnsite.
• SMA also exhibits superelastic (pseudoelastic) behavior.
• Through heating they will return to their original shape.
• They can take large stresses without undergoing permanent
deformation.
Properties
• SMA’s exhibit 2 important properties.
• Shape memory effect
• Pseudo-elasticity
• Shape memory effect
• Austenite and Martensite – Two phases exhibited by SMA’s in solid state.
• SMA moulded into parent shape in austenite phase.
• If deformed in martensite phase, the parent shape is regained upon heating.
• Pseudo-Elasticity
• Occurs without temperature change.
• This property allows the SMA’s to bear large amounts of stress without
undergoing permanent deformation.
• Applications: Reading glasses
Mechanism of SMA’s
• Two mechanism to transform between Austenite& Martensite.
• Cooling the austenite transform to twinned martensite.
• Applied load to twinned martensite and undergo deformed martensite.
• Upon heating to deformed martensite it transform to austenite phase return to
their original shape.
Continue…
• To fix the parent shape, the metal must be held in position and heated to about
500°C.
• The high temperature causes the atoms to arrange themselves into the most
compact and regular pattern possible resulting in a rigid cubic arrangement
(austenite phase).
Type of SMA’s
• One way
• Two way
Examples of SMA’s
• Cu-Zn-Al
• Cu-Al-Ni
• Ni-Ti (50 at.% Ti, nitinol, which stands for Nickel Titanium
Naval Ordinance Laboratory)
Application

• Self- expendable cardiovascular stent

• Blood clot filters
• Engines
• Actuators for smart systems
• Flaps that change direction of air flow depending on
temperature(for air conditioning)
• coupling
Conclusion
• SMA’s have the potential to be used effectively in seismic regions.
• The high cost of SMAs is a major limiting factor for its wider use
in the construction industry.
• Their capability to allow the development of smart structures with
active control of strength and stiffness and ability of self-healing
and self-repairing opens the door for exciting opportunities, making
them the construction material of the future.
Reference:
• K Otsuka, C M Wayman, Shape Memory Materials, Cambridge University
press, 1999.
• Introduction to Shape Memory Alloys By P. K. Kumar and D. C. Lagoudas.
• Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois.
Thank you