V COPAR is a social

development approach that

aims to transform the
apathetic, poor into dynamic,
participatory and politically
responsive community.
Va collective, participatory,
transformative, liberative,
sustained and systematic
process of building people's
organizations by mobilizing
and enhancing the capabilities
and resources of the people for
the resolution of their
exploitative conditions (1994
National Rural CO
Conference).
m A process by which a community
identifies its needs and objectives,
develops confidence to take action in
respect to them and in doing so,
extends and develops cooperative
and collaborative attitudes and
practices in the community (Rose
1967).
m A continuous and sustained process
of educating the people to
understand and develop their
critical awareness of their existing
conditions, working with the people
collectively and efficiently on their
immediate needs toward solving
their long-term problems.
COPAR is an important tool for
community development and
people empowerment as this
helps the community workers
to generate community
participation in development
activities.
COPAR prepares people to
eventually take over the
management of a development
program in the future. COPAR
maximizes community
participation and involvement;
community resources are
mobilized for health
development services.
1. People, especially the oppressed,
exploited and deprived sectors are
open to change, have the capacity to
change and are able to bring about
change.
2. COPAR should be based on the
interests of the poorest sectors of the
society.
3. COPAR should lead to a self-reliant
community and society.
m ëhich begins in small, local
and concrete issues identified
by the people and the
evaluation and reflection of
and on the action taken by
them.
m =hrough experiential learning is
central to the COPAR process
because it places emphasis on
learning that emerges from
concrete action and which
encircles succeeding action.
m °ecause it is primarily
directed towards and
biased in favor of the poor,
the powerless and the
oppressed.
m And not leader centered.
Leaders are identified,
emerge and are tested
through action rather than
appointed or selected by
some external force or entity.
m PRE-EN=RY
m EN=RY

m ORGANIZING

m SUS=ENANCE AND
S=RENG= ENING
m P ASE-OU=
m = E INI=IAL P ASE OF = E
ORGANIZING PROCESS ë ERE
= E COMMUNI=Y ORGANIZER
LOOKS FOR COMMUNI=IES =O
SERVE OR ELP. I= IS = E MOS=
COMPLEX P ASE IN =ERMS OF
AC=UAL OU=PU=S, AC=IVI=IES,
AND S=RA=EGIES AND =IME
SPEN= FOR I=.
m S=A=EMEN= OF O°
EC=IVES,
AND REALIZA=ION OF COPAR
GUIDELINES.

m LAYING OU= = E SI=E CRI=ERIA.

m SI=E SELEC=ION.
V MEE=ING AND COUR=ESY CALL =O = E
LOCAL GOVERNMEN= UNI= OF = E
SELEC=ED SI=E.

V COUR=ESY CALL =O = E °ARANGAY

LEVEL.

V MEE=ING ë = E ´ëILL °Eµ FOS=ER

PAREN=S OF = E EAL= CARE
S=UDEN=S.
V IS = E COMMUNI=Y IN NEED OF ASSIS=ANCE?
V DO = E COMMUNI=Y MEM°ERS FEEL NEED
=O ëORK =OGE= ER =O OVERCOME A
SPECIFIC EAL= PRO°LEM?
V ARE = ERE CONCERNED GROUPS AND
ORGANIZA=IONS = A= = E NURSE CAN
POSSI°LY ëORK ëI= ?
V ë A= ëILL °E = E COUN=ERPAR= OF = E
COMMUNI=Y IN =ERMS OF COMMUNI=Y
SUPPOR=, COMMI=MEN= AND UMAN
RESOURCES?
V °EFORE AC=UAL EN=RY IN=O = E
COMMUNI=Y, °ASIC INFORMA=ION
A°OU= = E AREA IN RELA=ION =O = E
CUL=URAL PRAC=ICES AND LIFES=YLES
OF = E PEOPLE MUS= °E KNOëN.

V ES=A°LIS ING RAPPOR= AND

IN=EGRA=ING ëI= = EM ëILL °E MUC
EASIER IF ONE IS A°LE =O UNDERS=AND,
ACCEP= OR IM°I°E = EIR COMMUNI=Y
LIFE.
m LIVING ëI= = E PEOPLE,
UNDERGOING = EIR
ARDS IPS AND PRO°LEMS
AND S ARING = EIR OPES
AND ASPIRA=IONS ELP °UILD
MU=UAL =RUS= AND
COOPERA=ION.
m RECOGNIZE = E ROLE AND POSI=ION OF
LOCAL AU= ORI=IES.
m ADAP= A LIFES=YLE IN KEEPING ë = A=
OF = E COMMUNI=Y.
m C OOSE A MODES= DëELLING ë IC
= E PEOPLE, ESPECIALLY = E
ECONOMICALLY DISADVAN=AGED ëILL
NO= ESI=A=E =O EN=ER.
V AVOID RAISING EXPEC=A=IONS OF = E
PEOPLE. °E CLEAR ë YOUR O°
EC=IVES
AND LIMI=A=IONS.
V PAR=ICIPA=E DIREC=LY IN PRODUC=ION
PROCESS.
V MAKE OUSE CALLS AND SEEK OU=
PEOPLE ë ERE = EY USUALLY GA= ER.
V PAR=ICIPA=E IN SOME SOCIAL AC=IVI=IES.
V SOME=IMES CALLED = E IMMERSION
P ASE AS I= = E AC=IVI=IES DONE ERE
INCLUDES = E SEN=IZA=ION OF = E
PEOPLE ON = E CRI=ICAL EVEN=S IN
= EIR LIFE, MO=IVA=ING = EM =O S ARE
= EIR DREAMS AND IDEAS ON Oë =O
MANAGE = EIR CONCERNS AND
EVEN=UALLY MO°ILIZING = EM =O
MAKE COLLEC=IVE AC=ION ON = ESE.
m COUR=ESY CALL =O MAYOR, OR = E
LOCAL GOVERNMEN= LEADER OF = E
SELEC=ED SI=E.
m COUR=ESY CALL =O = E °ARANGAY
LEVEL.
m MEE=ING ëI= = E FOS=ER PAREN=S.
m APPRECIA=ING = E ENVIRONMEN=.
m MEE=ING ëI= COMMUNI=Y
OFFICIALS AND RESIDEN=S.
m GENERAL ASSEM°LY.
m PREPARA=ION OF SURVEY
FORMS.
m AC=UAL SURVEY.
m ANALYSIS OF = E DA=A
GA= ERED.
V = E FORMA=ION OF MORE FORMAL
S=RUC=URES AND = E INCLUSION OF
MORE FORMAL PROCEDURES OF
PLANNING, IMPLEMEN=ING AND
EVALUA=ING COMMUNI=Y-ëIDE
AC=IVI=IES. I= IS A= = IS P ASE ë ERE
= E ORGANIZED LEADERS OR GROUPS
ARE °EING GIVEN =RAININGS =O
DEVELOP = EIR ë
A==I=UDE,
KNOëLEDGE AND SKILLSIN MANAGING
= EIR OëN CONCERNSPROGRAMS.
m MEE=ING ëI= = E OFFICIALS.
m IDEN=IFYING PRO°LEMS.
m SPREADING AëARENESS AND
SOLICI=ING SOLU=ION OR
SUGGES=ION.
m ANALYSIS OF = E PRESEN=ED
SOLU=ION.
m PLANNING OF = E AC=IVI=IES.
m ORGANIZING = E PEOPLE =O
°UILD = EIR OëN
ORGANIZA=ION.
m REGIS=RA=ION OF = E
ORGANIZA=ION.
m IMPLEMEN=ING OF = E SAID
AC=IVI=IES.
m EVALUA=ION.
V OCCUR ë EN = E COMMUNI=Y
ORGANIZA=ION AS ALREADY °EEN
ES=A°LIS ED AND = E COMMUNI=Y-
ëIDE UNDER=AKINGS. A= = IS POIN=,
= E DIFFEREN= COMMI==EES SE=-UP IN
= E ORGANIZA=ION-°UILDING P ASE
ARE ALREADY EXPEC=ED =O °E
FUNC=IONING °Y ëAY OF PLANNING,
IMPLEMEN=ING AND EVALUA=ING = EIR
OëN PROGRAMS, ë = E OVERALL
GUIDANCE FROM = E COMMUNI=Y-ëIDE
ORGANIZARION.
m MEE=ING ëI= = E
ORGANIZA=IONAL LEADERS.

m EVALUA=ION OF = E PROGRAMS.

m RE-IMPLEMEN=ING OF = E
PROGRAMS. (FOR UNME= GOALS)
V EDUCA=ION AND =RAINING.

V NE=ëORKING AND LINKING.

V IMPLEMEN=A=ION OF LIVELI OOD

PRO
EC=S.

V DEVELOPING SECONDARY LEADERS.

V = E P ASE ë EN = E EAL= CARE
ëORKERS LEAVE = E COMMUNI=Y =O
S=AND-ALONE. = IS P ASE S OULD °E
S=A=ED DURING = E EN=RY P ASE SO
= A= = E PEOPLE ëILL °E READY =O FOR
= IS P ASE. = E ORGANIZA=IONS °UIL=
S OULD °E READY =O SUS=AIN = E =ES=
OF = E COMMUNI=Y I=SELF °ECAUSE = E
REAL EVALUA=ION ëILL °E DONE °Y = E
RESIDEN=S OF = E COMMUNI=Y I=SELF.
m LEAVING = E IMMERSION SI=E.

m DOCUMEN=A=ION.
m =he community health worker
keeps a written account of
services rendered, observations,
condition, needs, problems and
attitude of the client in
community activities,
accomplishments made and, etc.
m Community workers takes
responsibility to disseminate
pertinent information to appropriate
authorities, agencies, and most
especially to the client. At the same
time, the community worker
develops the people·s capabilities to
keepmaintain their recording and
reporting system.
m RECORDS ² refer to forms on which
information pertaining the client is
noted.

m REPOR=S - refers to periodic

summaries of the servicesactivities
of an organizationunit or the
analysis of certain phases of its
work.
1. Measure serviceprogram directed
to the clients.
2. Provide basis for future planning.
3. Interpret the work to the public and
other agencies, community.
4. Aid in studying the conditions of the
community.
5. Contributes to client care.