THERMO-HYDRAULIC TRANSPORT

CHARACTERISTICS OF NON-NEWTONIAN
FLUID FLOW THROUGH CORRUGATED
CHANNEL
 Introduction
There is a faster growing demand for compact thermal systems
and devices that can transfer heat in an efficient manner.
Methods for heat transfer:
Passive method
Example: use of special surface geometries like corrugated
channels
Active method
Example: Electrodynamics, jet, spray, surface vibration

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Sl. No. Authors
1 Obrien and Sparrow
2 Metwally and
Manglik
3 Ferley and Ormiston
4 Naphon
5 Wang and Chen
6 Mohammed et.al
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Literature Review
Findings and Study
Increase in heat transfer in corrugated channel by factor of 2.5 over straight
channel for Reynolds number varying 1500 to 25000.
Optimum corrugation aspect ratio for maximum augmentation on heat
transfer enhancement lies in between 0.3-0.6
Sinusoidal-wavy-shaped corrugation, in general, has the lowest friction factor
and highest Nusselt number when compared to rounded-ellipse-shaped and
rounded-vee-shaped corrugation geometries.
Effect of different wavy angles and channel height on the enhancement of
heat transfer characteristics and pressure drop in corrugated channels.
Increase in Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient with the increase in
Reynolds number and amplitude wavelength of sinusoidal curved converging-
diverging channel.
Optimum value of amplitude for corrugated channel for maximum cooling
performance .
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 Objective

• Aim of the present work is to execute a comprehensive

numerical study on hydrodynamic and thermal
characteristics of power law fluids flowing through
corrugated channels.
• The rheology driven alteration on the heat transfer
characteristics and pressure drop are illustrated with the
consideration of different amplitude of the waviness of the
channel.

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.

Channel Specification
 Equation for wavy wall for raccoon channel:
• For top wavy wall: S 𝑥ҧ = 𝐿 + Asin(2𝜋(𝑥ҧ − 𝑥ഥ𝑠 )/γ) (1)
• For bottom wavy wall: S 𝑥ҧ = −𝐿 − 𝐴sin(2𝜋(𝑥ҧ − 𝑥ഥ𝑠 )/γ) (2)

Figure 1: Wavy Channel

Where 𝐿 is the average half height between the top and bottom surfaces is, 𝐴 is the
wavy amplitude and 𝛾 is the wavelength. Dimensionless form of amplitude and
wavelength are expressed as  A L and   2L respectively.

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 Theoretical Formulation
Assumptions:
• Steady state, Laminar flow, Planar channel (2D Analysis)
• Working fluid is non-Newtonian. Power law model is used to describe
the rheology of the non-Newtonian fluid.
• Viscous dissipation is neglected.
• Axial heat conduction is neglected, in comparison to its transverse
counterpart.
• There is no internal heat generation and heat transfer due to radiation
are neglected.

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 Theoretical Formulation
 Governing Equations
• Continuity Equation: .u  0 (3)

• Momentum Equation: 𝜌𝛻 · 𝐮𝐮 = −𝛻𝑝 + 𝛻 · 𝛕𝑖𝑗 (4)

• Energy Equation: 𝜌𝑐𝑝 𝛻 · 𝐮𝑇 = 𝑘𝛻 2 𝑇 (5)

Here 𝜏𝑖𝑗 is the deviatoric stress tensor. For power law model, it is written as: τ ij  2eεij

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Where 𝛆𝑖𝑗 is the rate of strain tensor and 𝜇𝑒 is the apparent viscosity, which can be
expressed as a function of shear rate 𝛄ሶ as follows:
 e  mγ n 1 (6)

where 𝑚 is the consistency index and 𝑛 is the power-law index. Furthermore, the apparent
viscosity can be related to the second invariant of rate of strain tensor 𝐼2 as:

𝐼2 = 𝛆𝑖𝑗 𝛆𝑖𝑗 (7)

where

1 𝜕𝑢𝑖 𝜕𝑢𝑗
𝛆𝑖𝑗 = + (8)
2 𝜕𝑥𝑗 𝜕𝑥𝑖

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 Boundary Conditions

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The Nusselt number at any surface of the wavy wall channel is given by:

(16)

where  is the derivative along the direction of the outward drawn normal to the surface and L is the half
separation distance between the wavy walls.

The average Nusselt number for a wall is defined as:

(17)

Performance Factor is calculated from the relation as given below:

(18)

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 Methodology and validation
Numerical method:
 SIMPLE algorithm (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked
Equations) used for numerical procedure to solve the momentum
equation.
 Pressure- 2nd order accuracy
 Momentum- 2nd order upwind scheme
 Energy- 2nd order upwind scheme
 Residuals for all variables = 10−6

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 Methodology and validation
Validation:

Figure 2: Comparison of variation of Nusselt number along the bottom wavy wall with
Wang and Chen for n = 1 and Pr = 6.93 (a) Re=100 (b) Re = 300

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 Methodology and validation
Grid Independency test:

FIGURE 3: Comparison of average Nusselt number for different

grid systems with Re = 50 and Pr = 6.93
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 Results
 Effect of Reynolds number on Nusselt number and performance factor

FIGURE 4: Isotherm and streamline contour with  =0.5 and =1.5 of

wavy wall and power law index n = 0.5 for different values of Reynolds
number (a) Re = 5 and (b) Re = 100

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 FIGURE 5: Variation of average Nusselt number FIGURE 6: Variation of performance factor
with Reynolds number with with Reynolds number with
 =0.5 and =1.5 of wavy wall  =0.5 and =1.5 of wavy wall

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 Effect of power law index on Nusselt number and performance factor

FIGURE 7: Isotherm and streamline contour with  =0.5 and =0.5 and Re = 100 for power law
index (a) n = 0.5 and (b) n = 1.5

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 Effect of wavelength of corrugated channel on Nusselt number and performance factor

FIGURE 8: Isotherm and streamline contour with Reynolds number Re = 100 and
n = 0.5 for different values of wavelength of wavy wall with  = 0.5 (a) =0.5 (b) =1.0

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 (a) (b) (c)
FIGURE 9: Variation of average Nusselt number with Reynolds number for different wavelength of wavy wall with  =0.5 (a)
=0.5 (b) =1.0, (c) =1.5

(a) (b) (c)

FIGURE 10: Variation of performance factor with Reynolds number for different wavelength of wavy wall with
 =0.5 (a) =0.5 (b) =1.0, (c) =1.5
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 Effect of amplitude of corrugated channel on Nusselt number and performance factor

FIGURE 11: Isotherm and streamline contour with Reynolds number Re = 100 and n = 0.5
for different values of amplitude of wavy wall with  = 0.5 (a) =0.3 (b) =0.5

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 (a) (b) (c)
FIGURE 12: Variation of average Nusselt number with Reynolds number for different values of amplitude of wavy wall with 
=0.5 (a) =0.3 (b) =0.5 (c) =0.7

(a) (b) (c)

FIGURE 13: Variation of performance factor with Reynolds number for different values of amplitude of wavy wall with  =0.5
(a) =0.3 (b) =0.5, (c) =0.7
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 Conclusion
 The corrugated surface has significant effect on the enhancement of heat transfer and pressure

drop compared with the straight channel.

 The thermo-hydraulic performance of the channel is relatively better for lower values Reynolds

number and amplitude and for larger values of wavelength.

 The average Nusselt number increases as the waviness of the channel increases.

 Performance factor increases with the increase of waviness and decrease of amplitude of the

corrugated channel

 Performance factor is higher for shear thinning fluids

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 Scope of future work
Following are some of the areas to focus on for future studies:

 Inclusion of nanoparticles on the basic fluid have great scope on heat transfer improvement. Hence, the

influence of nanoparticles on the flow and heat transfer characteristics for flow through corrugated

microchannel can be studied.

 Study of entropy generation for flow of Power law fluid through wavy channel.

 Thermo-hydraulic transport characteristics through trapezoidal, triangular corrugated channel.

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 Time Scheduling Diagram

Thesis Writing

Validation and Numerical Analysis

Literature Review

Project
selection

AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

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 References
 H.M. Metwally, R.M. Manglik, Enhanced heat transfer due to curvature induced lateral vortices in laminar
flows in sinusoidal corrugated-plate channels, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 47 (10–11) (2004) 2283–2292.
 H.A. Mohammed, P. Gunnasegaran, N.H. Shuaib, Numerical simulation of heat transfer enhancement in wavy
microchannel heat sink, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 38 (2011) 63e68
 J.E. O'Brien, E.M. Sparrow, Corrugated-duct heat transfer, pressure drop, and flow visualization, Journal of Heat
Transfer 104 (1982) 410–416.
 D. M. Ferley & S. J. Ormiston (2013) Numerical Analysis of Laminar Forced Convection in Corrugated-Plate
Channels with Sinusoidal, Ellipse, and Roundedvee Wall Shapes, Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications,
63:8, 563-589, DOI: 10.1080/10407782.2013.742738
 C.-C. Wang, C.-K. Chen, Forced convection in a wavy-wall channel, In Intl. Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,
Volume 45, Issue 12, 2002, Pages 2587-2595, ISSN 0017-9310
 P. Naphon, Laminar convective heat transfer and pressure drop in the corrugated channels, Int. Commun. Heat
Mass Transfer 24 (2007) 62–71.

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