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A. Anally expulsive
B. Anally retentive
C. Fixated in the oral stage
D. Experiencing the crisis of trust vs. mistrust
6. What is Freud's idea about a young boy's
guilt feelings brought about by jealousy of his
father's relationship with his mother?
A.Electra complex
B. Oedipus complex
C. Phallic complex
D.Penis envy complex
7. Which will probably happen if a child
failed to resolve the crisis of the anal
stage?
A.The child may become sexually promiscuous.
B. The child may have problems with trust.
C. The child may become obsessed with cleanliness.
D.The child may become smoker.
8. “Do not cheat. Cheating does not pay. If you
do, you cheat yourself” says the voiceless voice
from within you. In the context of Freud’s
theory, which is/are at work?
A.Id
B. Id and Superego
C. Ego
D. Superego
9. According to Freud’s Topographical Model,
in what level of our mind stored the most of
what we go through in our lives, emotions,
beliefs, feelings, impulses and influences?
A.Unconscious
B.Conscious
C.Subconscious
D.Preconscious
10. Contrary on Erikson’s concept that the
primary motivation of human behavior is social
in nature, Freud’s is___________ in nature.
A.Cultural
B.Physical
C.Sexual
D.Biological
11. Based on Freud’s theory, which operates
when Mario lends his bicycle to his friend
Julius who was crying for it?
A.Id
B. Id and Superego
C. Ego
D.Superego
12. Based on Freud’s theory, which operate/s
when a student strikes a classmate at the
height of anger?
A.Id
B.Id and Superego
C. Ego
D. Superego
Human Development
• The pattern of movement or change that
begins at conception and continues through
the life span.
• Development includes growth and decline.
• Development can be positive or negative.
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT
• Quantitative faculties • Qualitative faculties
• Ends with maturity
• Continuous from womb to
• Structural and physiological
changes grave
• Growth is one of the • Changes in organism a whole
developmental process
• Overall changes I individual
• Does not depend upon
maturation or learning • Depends upon maturation and
• Observable and measurable learning
changes
• Is not directly observable
• May or may not bring
development • Is possible without growth
Some Major Principles of
Human Development
1. Development is relatively orderly.
Proximodistal Cephalo-caudal
HEREDITY ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT HEREDITY
HEREDITY ENVIRONMENT
3. Development takes place gradually.
Example:
Gaining weight and height
Hormonal changes
Cardiovascular decline
Cognitive Processes
• Changes in individual’s thought, intelligence and
language.
Socioemotional Processes
• Changes in individual’s relationship with other
people, changes in emotions and changes in
personality.
TWO Approaches to Human Development
a.TRADITIONAL
•This show an extensive change from
birth to adolescence, little or no
change in adulthood and decline in
late old age.
TWO Approaches to Human Development
b. LIFE-SPAN APPROACH
•This shows that even in adulthood
developmental change takes place as
it does during childhood.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE-SPAN APPROACH
1.Development is lifelong.
• It does not end in adulthood. No developmental
stage dominates development.
2. Development is multidimensional.
• Development consists of biological, cognitive and
socio-emotional dimensions.
3. Development is plastic.
• Development is possible throughout life-span.
4. Development is contextual.
• Individuals are changing beings in a changing
world.
• Prenatal
• Infancy • Infancy & Early childhood
• Early childhood • Middle childhood
• Middle & late childhood • Adolescence
• Adolescence • Early adulthood
• Early adulthood • Middle adulthood
• Middle adulthood • Late maturity
• Late adulthood
PRENATAL PERIOD
• Development happens quickly during this stage
(tremendous growth from a single cell to an
organism complete with brain and behavioral
capabilities)
• Time between conception and birth
• Divided into 3 stages:
-germinal
-embryonic
-fetal
INFANCY
• Birth to 24 months
• Time of extreme dependence on adults
• Many psychological activities are just
beginning ( language, symbolic thought,
sensori- motor coordination & social
learning)
• Reflexes (Common 6 Reflexes)
EARLY CHILDHOOD
• 3-5 years old (Pre-school Years)
• Learning: to walk, to take solid foods, to talk, to control
the elimination of body wastes, sex differences and
sexual modesty, to distinguish right from wrong and
developing a conscience
• Young children learn to become more self- sufficient
and care for themselves, develop school readiness skills
and spend many hours in play with peers
• Readiness for reading
• Questioning Stage
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
• 6-12 years old
• Learning: physical skills necessary for ordinary
games, to get along with age-mates, an
appropriate sex role
• Developing: fundamental skills in reading, writing
and calculating, concepts necessary for everyday
living, conscience, morality & a scale of values
• Building a wholesome attitude toward oneself
• Achieving personal independence
• Achievement is a Central Theme
ADOLESCENCE
• 13 years old to 18 years old
• Transition Stage
• Begins with rapid physical changes
• Thought is more logical, abstract & idealistic
• More time is spent outside family
• Achieving: mature relations with both
sexes, a masculine or feminine social role,
emotional independence of adults
• Preparing for: marriage and family life, an
economic career
EARLY ADULTHOOD
• 61 and Above
• Adjusting to: decreasing strength and health,
retirement and reduced income, death of
spouse
• Establishing: relations with one’s own age
group, satisfactory living quarters
• Meeting social and civic obligations
Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
•A person goes through the sequence of
these five stages and along the way there
are needs to be met.
•Whether these needs are met or not,
determines whether the person will develop
a healthy personality or not.
Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Theory
A.Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operation
D.Formal operation
18. Alyssa is eight years old, and although she
understands some logical principles, she still has
troubles in understanding hypothetical concepts.
According to Piaget, Alyssa belongs to what
particular stage of cognitive development?
A.Sensorimotor
B.Preoperational
C.Concrete operational
D.Formal operational
19. When a baby realized that a rubber duck
which has fallen out of the tub must be
somewhere on the floor, he is likely to
achieved what aspect of cognitive
development?
A. Object permanence
B. Deferred imitation
C. Mental combinations
D. Goal-directed behavior
20. What is the best explanation of Piaget's
concrete operational thought to describe the
school-age child's mental ability?
A. A child can reason logically about things and events he or
she perceives.
B. A child's ability to think about how he thinks
C. Can understand that certain characteristics of an object
remain the same when other characteristics are changed
D. Can understand that moral principles may supersede the
standards of society.
21. What can be the best comparison of the
behavior of a 17 year old girl to that of her 13
year old brother?
A.Assimilation
B.Interaction
C.Recognition
D. Accommodation
23. Little Johmie has been referring to the squirrels
outside as “kitties”. Over time, he learns to modify
his way of thinking about fuzzy animals and uses
different words for cats and squirrels (though he
still can’t say “squirrel” very well). Which process
does this illustrate?
A.Maturation
B. Assimilation
C. Accommodation
D.Equilibration
Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development
Basic Cognitive Concepts
• Schema – Cognitive Structure/Prior Knowledge
• Assimilation – the process of fitting new experience
into existing schema
• Accommodation – the process of creating a new
schema
• Equilibration – achieving proper balance between
assimilation and accommodation
Stages of Cognitive Development
1. Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years)
• Initial Reflexes
Highest Achievement
A.Trust
B.Autonomy
C.Initiative
D.Industry
25. Christian develops an integral and coherent
sense of self. He seeks answers to the
question. "Who am I"? Which of the following
is Christian likely to develop?
A.Initiative
B.Identity and Role Confusion
C.Intimacy
D.Autonomy
26. What do you call the maladaptive tendency
during the early childhood stage in which the
child will jump into things without proper
consideration of his/her abilities?
A.Impulsiveness
B.Compulsiveness
C.Ruthlessness
D.Inhibition
27. Lito, a student in secondary level tends to
spend more time with his friends and his family,
thus, his behavior is greatly affected by them. In
which stage in the Psychosocial Stages of
Development does Lito belong?
A.Ego integrity
B.Industry
C.Trust
D.Competency
32. What can a child do under initiative
vs. guilt?
A.Believe in people
B. Prepare to take a risk
C. Develop competence
D.Withdraw from difficulty
33. Bing, a preschooler, insists on getting noodles for
himself from the serving dish each time his family
attends a gathering, even though he usually drops pasta
on the floor. When his mother tries to assist him, he
brushes his mother off and insists on doing it himself.
What stage of psychosocial development best describes
Bing’s behavior?
A. Trust vs Mistrust
B. Initiative vs Guilt
C. Industry vs. Inferiority
D. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
34. Teachers who promote psychosocial development in the classroom create an
environment where each child feels appreciated and is comfortable with learning
new things and building relationships with peers without fear. How does the
teacher create this environment?
I. Incorporates life skills in lessons to increase confidence and self-sufficiency
II. Gives continuous feedback on work that has been completed to eliminate
uncertainty.
III. Provides considerable free experiments to encourage development of
independence.
IV. Provides physical and academic activities that develop diligence and self-
confidence.
A. I, II, III and IV
B. I, II, III
C. I, II
D. IV only
Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
Sensory Withdrawal
Maladjustment
Trust vs Mistrust Malignancy
Maladaptation Psychosocial Crisis
Hope
Virtue
STAGE 2
Impulsiveness Compulsiveness
Autonomy vs shame
Maladaptation and doubt Malignancy
Psychosocial Crisis
Virtue
STAGE 3
Ruthlessness Inhibition
Initiative vs Guilt
Maladaptation Psychosocial Crisis Malignancy
Courage
Virtue
STAGE 4
Virtue
STAGE 5
Fanaticism Repudiation
Identity vs Role Confusion
Maladaptation Malignancy
Psychosocial Crisis
Fidelity
Virtue
STAGE 6
Promiscuity Exclusion
Intimacy vs Isolation
Maladaptation Malignancy
Psychosocial Crisis
Love
Virtue
STAGE 7
Overextension Rejectivity
Generativity vs Stagnation
Maladaptation Malignancy
Psychosocial Crisis
Caring
Virtue
STAGE 8
Presumption Disdain
Integrity vs Despair
Maladaptation
Malignancy
Psychosocial Crisis
Wisdom
Virtue
35. At the high school level, Kohlberg’s advice to
teachers is for them to begin discussing with students
about abstract principles such as justice and human
rights. On the average, in which moral development
level are high school students supposed to be?
A. Pre-convention level
B. Conventional level
C. In between conventional and post-conventional levels
D. In between pre- and post-conventional levels
38. Teacher Fatima tells her students: “You must be
honest at all times not only because you are afraid of
the punishment but more because you yourselves are
convinced of the value of honesty.” Based on Kohlberg’s
theory, which level of moral development does the
teacher want her students to reach?
A. Conventional level
B. Between conventional and post-conventional levels
C. Between pre-conventional and post-conventional levels
D. Post-conventional level
39. Jinky lets Hannah copy during their math
test because Hannah agreed to let her copy
during their Sibika test. What stage of moral
development shown?
A. Mutual Benefit
B. Punishment/Obedience
C. Social Approval
D. Social Contract
40. Following Kohlberg’s theory of moral
development, what is the moral reasoning or
perspective of social activists who seek human
rights and the welfare of citizens beyond what is
given by laws?
A. Mutual Benefit
B. Punishment/Obedience
C. Social Approval
D. Social Contract
Laurence Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory
Stages of Moral Development
Level 1 – Pre-Conventional Level
• Stage 1 – Punishment – Obedience Orientation
• Stage 2 – Instrumental Relativist Orientation (Mutual Benefit)
Level 2 – Conventional Level
• Stage 3 – Good Boy – Nice Girl Orientation (Social Approval)
• Stage 4 – Law and Order Orientation
Level 3 – Post-Conventional Level
• Stage 5 – Social Contract Orientation (Social Order)
• Stage 6 – Universal Ethical Principle Orientation
41. Teacher Kim Pang asked his students to describe how
their families celebrate holidays. Students can discover
that people celebrate holidays differently through their
sharing of experiences. Which principle of cognitive
development governs Teacher Kim Pang’s teaching
activity?
A. Social interaction is essential for cognitive development.
B. Children often think in different ways at different ages.
C. Cognitive development involves relating new information to
prior knowledge.
D. Children actively construct their knowledge.
42. Teacher Henry begins a lesson on tumbling, demonstrating
front and back somersaults in slow motion and physically
guiding his students through the correct movements. As his
students become more skillful, he stands back from the man
and gives verbal feedback about how to improve. With
Vygotsky’s theory in mind, what did Teacher Henry do?
A. Apprenticeship
B. Peer interaction
C. Guided participation
D. Scaffolding
43. Social exposure to various cultures expands a child’s pool
of knowledge. Which statements go/es with this sentence?
The less experience a child has the more disciplined he/she
becomes.
II. The more experiences a child has the richer his/her world
becomes
III. The more selective parents in the exposure of the child, the
more challenged the child becomes.
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and II
Lev Vygotsky’s Socio Cultural Theory
• Key theme of his theory is that social interaction plays a very
important role in cognitive development.
A. I and IV
B. II and IV
C. I and II
D. IV only
Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
4 Phases of Observational Learning
1. Attention
2. Retention
3. Motor Reproduction
4. Motivational Process
A.Microsystem
B. Mesosystem
C. Exosystem
D.Macrosystem
48. Which is an example of child’s mesosystem
that does NOT work favorably for the child?
A. Mesosystem
B. Exosystem
C. Macrosystem
D. Chronosystem
50. What is an implication of Bandura’s findings that children
learn social such as aggression through the process of
observation learning?
MACROSYSTEM
EXOSYSTEM
MESOSYSTEM
MICROSYSTEM
CHILD
51. The following theorist emphasized that the
behavior is mostly learned through conditioning
and reinforcement, EXCEPT?
A. J. Watson
B. J. Bruner
C. I. Pavlov
D. B.F Skinner
52. The following are example of good practices of a positive
reinforcement. EXCEPT,
Connectionism
Classical Conditioning
John Watson
Operant Conditioning
THEORY OF BEHAVIORISM
• Russian physiologist
• Nobel Prize winner 1904 for
work on digestion
• In his famous experiments
with dogs, he showed that a
desired response can be
elicited paired repeatedly
with a stimulus.
4 Key Terms
• Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS or US)
- any stimulus that consistently
produces a particular, naturally occurring,
automatic response.
Before Conditioning
Unconditioned Unconditioned
Stimulus Response
Neutral
Stimulus No Response
Ivan Pavlov's Classical Conditioning
During Conditioning
Unconditioned
Unconditioned Neutral
Response
Stimulus Stimulus
Ivan Pavlov's Classical Conditioning
After Conditioning
Conditioned Conditioned
Stimulus Response
Pavlov also has the following findings:
a. Stimulus Generalization
b. Extinction
c. Spontaneous Recovery
d. Discrimination
-Watson 1924
John Watson
• First American Psychologist to work with
Pavlov’s idea
• “Experiment on Albert”
Burrhus Frederick Skinner
(1904 – 1990)
“ All we need to know in order
to describe and explain
behavior is this: actions
followed by good outcomes
are likely to recur and actions
followed by bad outcomes are
less likely to recur.”
Operant Conditioning
Presence of Behavior
Punishment Unpleasant Stimulus Decreases
Reinforcement
• The key element in Skinner’s S-R theory.
• Reinforcer is anything that strengthens the
desired response.
• Positive and Negative Reinforcer
Positive Reinforcer
- Any stimulus that is given or added
to increase the response.
Negative Reinfocer
- Any stimulus that results in the
increased frequency of a response when
it is withdrawn or removed.
Punishment
Positive Punishment
- decreasing the rate of undesired behavior
by adding a certain negative consequence of the
individual after the behavior has been exhibited.
Negative Punishment
- Decreasing the rate of the undesired
behavior by removing certain favorite or desired
item from the individual’s life.
Behavioral Chaining
Reinforcement Schedules
A. Sensory register-STM-LTM
B. STM-sensory register-LTM
C. Sensory register-LTM-STM
D. LTM-sensory register- STM
Information processing
THEORY
Information processing theory
TYPES OF STAGES
PROCESS
KNOWLEDGE
Declarative Encoding Sensory Memory
a. Episodic
b. Semantic
Types of knowledge
Episodic
This includes memories of life events.
Types of knowledge
Semantic
This includes facts and concepts.
1. Encoding
three primary stages in IPT
2. Storage
Information of stored for
either a brief or extended
period of time, depending
upon the process
following encoding.
three primary stages in IPT
3. Retrieval
Information is brought back
at the appropriate time and
reactivated for use on a
current task, the true
measure of effective memory.
Capacity: great amount of
Capacity: 5-9 chunks Capacity: unlimited
information
Duration: 18 seconds or less Duration: indefinite
Duration: 3-4 seconds
Causes of forgetting
• Decay
Information is not attended to and
eventually “fades” away.
Applies to STM.
Causes of forgetting
• Retrieval Failure
Inability to bring information into
working memory.
“Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon”
Causes of forgetting
• Interference
Retroactive Interference
Proactive Interference
Causes of forgetting
• Biological Causes
Examples:
Disease
Head injury
Methods of retrieving
information
a. Rehearsal
Repeating information verbatim,
either mentally or aloud.
Methods of retrieving
information
b. Meaningful Learning
This is making connections
between new information and
prior knowledge.
Methods of retrieving
information
c. Organization
This is making connections among
various pieces of information.
Methods of retrieving
information
d. Elaboration
This is adding additional ideas to
new information based on what
one already knows.
Methods of retrieving
information
e. Visual Imagery
This is means forming a “picture”
of the information.
Methods of retrieving
information
f. Generation
Things we “produce” are easier to
remember than things we “hear”.
Methods of retrieving
information
g. Context
Remembering the situation helps
recover information.
Methods of retrieving
information
h. Serial Position Effects (recency and primacy)
Intellectual Skills
Cognitive Strategies
Attitudes
Motor Skills
Guidance of students’ performance. 5
Recall prior learning. 3
Enhance retention and transfer. 9
Gain attention. 1
Provide feedback. 7
Assess performance. 8
Present Stimulus.
4
Elicit performance.
6
Identify the objective.
2
Gagne’s principles
1.Different instruction is required for
different learning outcomes.
A. Readiness
B. Effect
C. Repetition
D. Practice
59. Which statement does not refer to cognitive
theories?
A. Operant Conditioning
B. Social Cognitive theory
C. Cognitive developmental theory
D. Classical conditioning
“The whole is greater than the
sum of its parts.”
Gestalt is a German word that means roughly means
“shape”, “form”, “essence”, or “whole”.
1. Law of Proximity
Related concepts or lessons should be taught aligned
or closely to each other.This is the reason why
subtraction is taught after addition,multiplication
after subtraction then division after multiplication.
Imagine teaching addition then jumping directly to
polygons.
The law of similarity
captures the idea that when
we look at objects that are
similar to each other, we tend
to group them together. We
are prone to notice matching
shapes, colors, and forms (as
opposed to looking for what
isn’t similar). Our brains
quickly identify patterns
faster than the separate parts
of the pattern.
Implications of the Gestalt Principles and
the Teaching-Learning Process
2. Law of Similarity
A. Stimulus Generalization
B. Extention
C. Discrimination
D. Spontaneous recovery
64. A burglary occurred in Jason's neighborhood. Since then,
Jason is very careful of locking their doors and closing
windows. What theory best explains Jason's behavior?
A. Observational learning
B. Imitation learning
C. Self-regulated learning
D. Vicarious learning
Neo Behaviorism:
Tolman and
Bandura
INTRODUCTION
Tolman’s Bandura’s
Purposive Behaviorism Social Learning
Theory
Intervening Variables
Tolman’s Purposive Behaviorism
Motor Reproduction
FOUR ELEMENTS OF OBSERVATIONAL
LEARNING
65. In reinforcement schedule, which one
practices the fixed ratio schedule?
A. Socratic method
B. Constructivist method
C. Discovery learning method
D. Behaviorist method
77. As a constructivist teacher, which of the
following questions can be an interesting one to
tap Grade 2 pupils’ prior knowledge on digestive
system?
A. Why do you think our stomach hurts if we do not eat?
B. What is it about digestion that you learned before?
C. What are the organs responsible for digestion?
D. Do you know how the food we eat gets digested?
•“Teaching is not about filling
up the pail; it is about
lighting a fire.”
Enactive Predisposition
to Learn
Iconic
Structure of
Knowledge
Symbolic
Effective
Sequencing
Reinforcement
Representation
of
Knowledge
1. Enactive Action-Based
Representation
• At the earliest ages,
children learn about the
world through actions on
physical objects and the
outcomes of these actions.
Concrete Stage
Image-Based
•2. Iconic
Represention
• Learning can be obtained
through using models and
pictures.
• Focuses on the
development
capacities
of sensory 4
Pictorial Stage
Language-Based
•3. Symbolic
Representation
• Focuses on the
development of intellectual
2 2 4
capacities
Abstract Stage
Dog
Spiral
Curriculum
Spiral Curriculum
• Bruner’s stressed that curriculum
should be organized in a spiral manner so
that the student continually builds upon
what they have already learned.
Geometry 2
G-1
K
Geometry
Principles of Instruction
Spiral Organization
Discovery Learning
Fundamental process
Categorization in the structuring of
knowledge.
3. Effective sequencing
A. Metacognition
B. Insight learning
C. Analytical learning
D. Trial and error learning
79. J. Watson relates that a particular behaviour is determined
by environmental factor. Which of the following situations can
develop the students’ positive attitudes towards
mathematics?
A. Tell students that math is easy subject.
B. Give difficult problems to challenge the students
C. Present lessons from easiest to most complex
D. Have a favourable learning atmosphere in the
classroom.
80. Which statement correctly explains
the constructivist theory of learning?
A. Children are empty receptacles
B. Children’s minds are blank slate that needs to be filled
with information and ideas
C. Children are passive learners.
D. Children actively create knowledge and understanding
81. Teacher helps the pupils remember that stalactite
grows from the Ceiling while the stalagmite grows from
the Ground. Which device does teacher use?
A. Coding device
B. Mnemonic Device
C. Memory device
D. Drill device
82. Which of the current classroom practices is
influenced by B.F Skinner’s Operant conditioning?
A. Classical conditioning
B. Operant conditioning
C. Social learning
D. Conditions of learning
85. J. Watson said: “Men are built, not born”.
What does this statement point to?
A. the ineffectiveness of training to a person’s development
B. the development of a person is innate.
C. the environment controls the development of a person
D. the behaviour of a person is not affected by it’s environment
86. Bruner’s theory of intellectual development moves
from enactive to iconic to symbolic stages. In what
stage(s) are diagrams helpful to accompany verbal
information?
A. enactive and symbolic
B. Symbolic
C. enactive and iconic
D. iconic
87. A mother gives a boy his favourite snacks every time he
cleans up his room. Afterwards, the boy is always cleaning his
room every day in anticipation for the snack. What theory is
illustrated?
A. Operant conditioning
B. Social learning theory
C. Associative learning
D. Pavlovian theory
88. Behavior followed by a pleasant consequence will be strengthened
and will be more likely to occur in the future. Behavior followed by
unpleasant consequences will be weakened and will be less likely to
be repeated in the future. Which one explained?
A. Operant conditioning
B. Classical conditioning
C. Cognitive Functioning
D. Moral reasoning
90. Little Big watches the other child walks over the sleeping
dog that wakes up, barks loudly, and scares the child away.
Little Big figured out that waking up sleeping dog is not a good
thing to do. This situation highlights the main idea of:
A. Ivan Pavlov
B. B.F Skinner
C. Edward Thorndike
D. Albert Bandura
91. Base on the situation on item #, the
following statements are true, except:
A. Latent Learn
B. Insight Learning
C. Social Learning
D. Meaningful/reception learning
94. It refers to our biographical memory
reflecting not only what happen but also when
and where it happened?
A. Semantic memory
B. Episodic memory
C. Pragmatic memory
D. Syntactic memory
95. Which of the following situation
violates the Gagne’s principle?
A. Teacher Ku An start the lesson with the definition of the
triangle until getting its measurements.
B. Teacher Ahn Nu starts the lesson with the abstract concepts.
C. Teacher Hayna Kuh discussed the lesson from simple to
complex.
D. Teacher Gina Gaw Wa Mue started his lesson from enactive
to symbolic.
96. In David Ausubel’s four processes of learning, which
one describes the situation?
Bryle already knows what the types of softdrinks are
(coke, pepsi, RC, sprite, etc.). But he did not know that it
were all junk foods until he have been told.
A. Combinatorial subsumption
B. Derivative Subsumption
C. Correlative Subsumption
D. Super-Ordinate learning
Ausubel’s Meaningful
Learning and
Subsumption Theory
Subsumption
Theory
Derivative
Learner’s Cognitive Subsumption Expository
Structure
Correlative Narrative
Subsumption
Use of Advance Skimming
Graphic Organizer Superordinate
Subsumption Graphic
Organizer
Subsumption Combinational
Subsumption
David Paul Ausubel
• October 25, 1918 -July 9, 2008
• He was an American
psychologist born in New York.
His most significant contribution
to the fields of educational
psychology, cognitive
science, and science education
learning, was on the
development and research on
advance organizers.
Cognitive Development
Focus of Ausubel’s
Theory:
• Cognitive
Structure
• Advance
Organizer
Raw
facts perceptual
data
Cognitive
Structure
Or
“Present
Knowledge”
concepts theories
propositions
Meaningful Learning takes place when
an idea to be learned is related in some
sensible way to ideas that the learner
already possess. Ausubel believed that
before new materials can be presented
effectively, the student’s cognitive
structure should be strengthened.
Advance
Organizer
Derivative Subsumption
Correlative Subsumption
Superordinate Subsumption
Combinatorial Learning
Derivative Subsumption:
- Describes the situation in which the new
information you learn is an example of a
concept that you have already learned.
-Learning by analogy
Advance Organizer
-Is a major tool proposed by Ausubel and
it gives 2 benefits:
1. You will find it easier to connect new
information with what you already know
about the topic.
2. You can readily see how the concepts in
a certain topic are related to each other.
Types of Advance Organizers:
• Expository
• Narrative
• Skimming
• Graphic organizer
EXPOSITORY:
• Describes the new content. Give students a broad
idea of the lesson’s purpose before the lesson begins.
• “Picture Walk”
Graphic Organizer:
• Visuals to set up or outline the new
information. This may include
pictographs, descriptive patterns,
concept patterns, concept maps,
Venn diagram.
97. In Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligences, which of
the following intelligences explains why some students
can better understand when the lesson is presented
through videos, pictures, drawings, paints and graphics.
A. Verbal/Linguistic Intelligence
B. Bodily/Kinesthetic Intelligence
C. Visual/Spatial Intelligence
D. Musical Intelligence
98. Dogie prefers to be alone when studying for the
exam. He also cannot focus on answering test questions
if the surrounding is noisy. Dogie is an example of what
kind of thinker/learner?
A. Global thinker
B. Analytic Thinker
C. Both Global and Analytic thinker
D. Neither Global nor Analytic thinker
99. This type of intelligence seeks connections to
real world understanding and application of new
learning.
A. Naturalist
B. Bodily Kinesthetic
C. Nature Smart
D. Existentialist
100. This type of thinker do not settle for a general
conclusions. He/she tends to seek and examine specific
details before leading into a conclusion.
A. Mathematical Logic
B. Verbal/Linguistic
C. Global Thinker
D. Analytic Thinker
Learning and Thinking
Style and Multiple
Intelligence
Learning/Thinking Style
1.Sensory Preferences
2.Global-Analytic Continuum
•Sensory Preferences
Visual-Symbolic
“Listeners”
“Talkers”
(Roger Sperry)
•Left Brain dominant individual is portrayed
as a linear (analytic).
•Right-brain person is one who is viewed as
global, non-linear and holistic in thought
preferences.
•One side may be more dominant than the
other.
Successive Processor (Left Brain)
Howard Gardner
Intelligence
•An ability or set of abilities that
allows a person to solve a problem
that is valued in one or more
culture.
•Navigators
•Sculptors
•Visual artist
•Inventors
•Architects
•Interior designers
•Mechanics
•Engineers
Verbal/Linguistic Intelligence
• Learning through the spoken or
written word
• Ability to use words and
language.
• These learners have highly
developed auditory skills and
are generally elegant speakers.
• They think in words rather than
in pictures.
Their abilities includes:
•Poet
•Journalist
•Writer
•Teacher
•Lawyer
•Politician
•Translator
Mathematical/Logical Intelligence
•Learning through reasoning and
problem solving
•Ability to use reason, logic and
numbers. These learners think
conceptually in logical and
numerical patterns making
connections between pieces of
information. Always curious about
the world around them, these learner
ask lots of questions and like to do
experiments.
Their Skills include
•Scientist
•Engineers
•Computer Programmers
•Researchers
•Accountants
•Mathematicians
Bodily/Kinesthetic
Intelligence
• Learn through interaction with one’s
environment
• Ability to control body movements and
handle objects skillfully. These learners
express themselves through movements.
They have a good sense of balance and eye-
coordination.
• Through interacting with the space around
them, they are able to remember and
process information.
Their Skills Include:
•Athletes
•Physical education teacher
•Dancers
•Actors
•Firefighters
•Artisans
Musical/Rhythmic
Intelligence
• Learning through patterns, rhymes
and music.
• Ability to produce and appreciate
music. These musically inclined
learners think in sounds, rhythms,
and patterns. They immediately
respond to music either appreciating
or criticizing what they hear. Many of
these learners are extremely
sensitive to environmental sounds.
Their Skills Include:
•Musician
•Disc jockey
•Singer
•Composer
Intrapersonal/Self Intelligence
• Ability to self-reflect and be
aware of one’s inner state of
being. These learners try to
understand their inner
feelings, dreams,
relationships with others
and strengths and
weaknesses.
Their Skills Include:
•Researchers
•Theorists
•Philosophers
Interpersonal/People Intelligence
Interpersonal/People Intelligence
Ability to relate and understand others.
These learners try to see things from
other’s point-of-view in order to understand
how they think and feel. They often have
uncanny ability to sense feelings, intensions
and motivations. They are great organizers,
although they sometimes resort to
manipulation. Generally they try to maintain
peace in group settings and encourage co-
operation. They use both verbal and non-
verbal language to open communication
channels with others.
Interpersonal/People Intelligence
Their Skills Include:
•Counselors
•Salesperson
•Politicians
•Business person
Naturalistic Intelligence
Possible jobs include:
Astronomer Marine Biologist
Botanist Ecologist
Conservationist Veterinarian
Gardener Forest ranger
Farmer Landscaper
Animal Trainer Meteorologist
Zookeeper Nature photographer
Geologist
Existential / Spirit Intelligence
• Learning by seeing the “big
picture”
•Shamans
•Priest
•Scientists
•Philosophers
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS
Philosophy
b. Essentialism d. Hedonism
107. When a teacher always consults the students
whenever decisions have to be made; like number
in a school program; class costume for the
intrams, etc. He/she is ________________.
a. an essentialist c. an existentialist
b. a progressivist d. a reconstructivist
108. Which philosophy has the educational
objective to indoctrinate Filipinos to accept
the teachingsof the Catholic Church which is
to foster faith in God?
a. Realism c. Pragmatism
b. Idealism d. Existentialism
109. Which school of thought strengthens the
belief that the means and ends of education must
be completely refashioned to meet the demands
of the present cultural crisis?
a. Reconstructionism c. Perennialism
b. Existentialism d. Progressivism
110. Mrs. Karen Kims asks her fourth year
high school son what course he would like to
take. She is in little way applying:
a. Naturalism c. Stoicism
b. Behaviorism d. Existentialism
111. What type of education which aims to
develop individual for maximum usefulness in the
state?
a. Humanism
b. Realism
c. Utilitarianism
d. progressivism
112. Teacher M views his students as unique, free-
choosing and responsible individual. All classroom
activity revolves in the said premise. What theory
underlies this?
a. Essentialism
b. Existentialism
c. Realism
d. Pragmatism
113. The teaching of classical stories such as
Aeneid, The Divine Comedy, and Romeo and Juliet
is an example of education that adheres which of
the following philosophical thought?
a. Essentialism
b. Stoicism
c. Naturalist
d. Perennialism
CONSENSUS AND CONFILCT THEORY (Karl Marx,
Emile Durkheim, Max Weber and other social
theorists)
• Consensus -a general or widespread agreement
among all members of a particular society.
• Conflict - is a disagreement or clash between
opposing ideas, principles or people which may
be covert or overt.
• Consensus Theories - view shared norms and
values as fundamental to society, focus on social
order based on tacit agreements, and view social
change as occurring in a slow and orderly
fashion.
• Conflict Theories - emphasize the dominance of some
social groups by others, see social order as based on
manipulation and control by dominant groups, and
view social change as occurring rapidly and in a
disorderly fashion as subordinate groups overthrow
dominant groups (Ritzer, 2000).
STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM (Talcott Parsons,
Robert Merton, and their students and followers)
Parsons’ structural functionalism has four functional
imperatives for all “action” systems, embodied in his
famous AGIL scheme:
1.Adaptation: A system must cope with external
situational exigencies. It must adapt to its environment
and adapt environments to its needs.
2.Goal Attainment: A system must define and achieve
its primary goals.
3.Integration: A system must regulate the
interrelationships of its component parts. It
must also manage the relationship among
the other three functional imperatives (AGL).
4.Latency (pattern maintenance): a system
must furnish, maintain, and renew both the
motivation o individuals and the cultural
patterns that create and sustain the
motivation.
Structure of the General Action System
(Source: Sociological Theory, George Ritzer, 2000)
Cultural System(Latency) Social System(Integration)
b. Learning to do d. Learning to be
126. The International Commission on Education for the
21st century chaired by Jacques Delors advocates Four
Pillars of Education. Since there are peace problems in
the world and everywhere. Which of the four pillars
should we give more emphasis in teaching?
b. Learning to do d. Learning to be
127. Which is an offshoot of the 4th pillar of
learning “learning to live together”?
a. Schools teach care for environment.
b. Schools teach respect for diversity.
c. Schools show concern what happens to learners after
they leave school.
d. Schools celebrate United Nations week.
128. Which of the following statements is NOT
true about the 2nd pillar of learning “learning to
do”?
a. A students is ready to take risk and resolve or
manage conflict when it arises.
b. The advancement of vocational-technical courses
and skill training is its product.
c. Learners appreciate diversity in a multicultural
classroom setting.
d. An effective communication with others is acquire by
the students in this pillar.
129. School’s focus on enhancing learner’s
acquisition of skills that are often linked to
occupational success is under which pillar of
learning?
b. Learning to do d. Learning to be
130. Which pillar of learning is aimed at holistic
development of man and his complete fulfillment?
a. Learning to know
b. Learning to do
c. Learning to live together
d. Learning to be
131.Inculcating the spirit of empathy among
learners fulfills which pillar of learning?
a. Learning to know
b. Learning to do
c. Learning to live together
d. Learning to be
132.In the classroom, students are encouraged by
their teachers to analyze and think about issues
and develop skills to learn on their own, the
teacher is emphasizing what pillar of learning?
a. Learning to know
b. Learning to do
c. Learning to live together
d. Learning to be
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
a. communication
b. culture
c. language
d. knowledge
135. Which of the following statements does NOT
justify the importance of intercultural
communication?
a. It makes students realizes that one’s culture is superior to
others.
b. It increases the awareness of one’s own culture - identity,
cultural backgrounds and heritage.
c. It showcases multiple cultures to be understood and
appreciated.
d. It is a useful source of intercultural knowledge and mutual
enrichment between diverse students.
136. What element of intercultural
communication comprises the belief, values, world
views and social organizations of a certain culture?
a. perceptions
b. verbal process
c. nonverbal process
d. contextual
137. Understanding occurs among group of people or
different cultures because of a particular thought or
feelings they shared. When Filipinos and foreigners
agreed to vacate Boracay for a period of time in order to
rehabilitate, they appear to have achieved which
element of intercultural communication?
a. perceptions c. nonverbal process
- Folkways/custom Behavior patterns of society which are organized and repetitive. The key
feature of all folkways is that there is no strong feeling of right or wrong
attached to them. They simply the way people usually do things.
a. learned
b. cumulative
c. shared
d. diverse
143. Innovation and modification of jeepneys and other
land transportation vehicles has been passed down for
how many generations. From water-fueled to solar
powered, the advancement of these vehicles especially
in the Philippines is expected to become more known
worldwide in the coming years. This only shows that
culture is ___.
a. learned b. cumulative
c. shared d. diverse
144. A component of culture which refers to
mental representations used to organize stimulus
and become basic units of which knowledge is
constructed refers to _________.
a. ideas b. perceptions
c. beliefs d. values
145. Which of the following does NOT belong
under cognitive component of culture?
a. ideas
b. values
c. norms
d. accounts
146. When a group of people practices different
lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems,
traditions and belief, they are
__________________.
a. showing culture diversity
b. Having cultural problems
c. experiencing confusion
d. in a state of culture shock
147.Customary behavior patterns or folkways
which have taken a moralistic value refer to
___________.
a. norms
b. values
c. laws
d. mores
148. Alex has been convicted guilty for a murder
case and was sentenced with 25 years
imprisonment. Alex was deemed criminal due to
violating which behavioral component of culture?
a. norms
b. values
c. laws
d. mores
149. Alicia learns how to make “lasagna” form her
Italian friend and now made it a habit to eat
lasagna during breakfast. This shows that culture is
transmitted through __________.
a. enculturation
b. acculturation
c. assimilation
d. acquisition
150. Teacher Vic teaches his students how to sing
the “Lupang Hinirang” properly to his grade-2
pupils with a bit of information regarding the
writer of the lyrics as well as the composer. The
case of teacher Vic shows that culture is being
transmitted through ____________.
a. enculturation b. acculturation
c. assimilation d. acquisition
51. Dorya, who is a natural Filipino born, came
home to the Philippines after being away for 10
years to the States. She insisted that she forgotten
how to speak in her vernacular language which is
Ilocana so she speaks English instead. Dorya’s case
in a very example of culture being transmitted
through _____________.
a. enculturation b. acculturation
c.
c assimilation d. acquisition
52. Which refers to standards of desirability,
goodness, and beauty which served as brad
guidelines for social living?
a. culture
b. knowledge
c.
c values
d. morals
53. Learning the folkways, mores, social traditions,
values, of one’s own group is _____________.
a.
c enculturation
b. acculturation
c. assimilation
d. acquisition
PEACE EDUCATION
Peace
- “absence of violence or presence of social justice”,
(Galtung, 1995)
- Negative peace - absence of direct/physical violence
- Positive peace - presence of conditions of well-being
and just relationship; social, economic, political,
ecological
A Typology of Violence
(Adapted from the conceptual map formulated by Tog Swee-Hin and Virginia Cawagas)
LevelOf Personal Interpersonal/Community National Global
Form
Violence
Direct/Physical SuicideDrug Abuse Domestic violence Civil war Conventional war
Violent crimes Violent crimes Nuclear war
Human right abuses Human rights abuses
a.
c absence of violence
b. absence of war
c. absence of conflict
d. equality
55. The presence of just and non-exploitative
relationship as well as human and ecological well-
beings refers to ______.
a. peace
b.
c positive peace
c. negative peace
d. world peace
56. Participating in tree planting activities or
cleanliness and beautification activities in the
community is a response to this level of peace.
a. personal peace
b. peace with the Supreme being
c.
c peace with the environment
d. global peace
57.The central concern of peace education is
_____________.
a.
c promotion of peace
d. tolerance
59.The act of respecting, accepting and
appreciating the rich diversity of cultures and
various forms of human expressions refers to
___________.
a.
c tolerance
b. respect
c. values formation
d. prejudice
60.Which of the following is the most horrible
effect of war?
a. destruction of property
b. people fleeing their homes
c.
c massive death
d. proliferation of weapon
CULTURAL CHANGES
Multiculturalism
• Is a phenomenon of multiple groups of culture
existing within one society largely due to arrival of
immigrant of this phenomenon
• Is a systematic and comprehensive response to
cultural and ethnic diversity, with educational,
linguistic, economic, and social components, and
specific institutional mechanisms.
Three Interrelated, but nevertheless,
Distinctive Referents of Multiculturalism
1. Demographic-descriptive usage occurs when the
word multicultural refers to the existence of
linguistically, culturally, and ethnically diverse
segments in the population of a society or state.
2. Ideological-normative usage of multiculturalism
generates the greatest level of debate, since it
constitute a slogan and basis for political action. The
ideological-normative usage of multiculturalism
constitute a specific focus towards the management
and organization of governmental responses to
ethnic diversity.
- constitute a continuum from assimilationism to
differentialism, the extreme forms which are
exclusion, apartheid, ethnic cleansing, and
genocide.
3. Programmatic-political usage of multiculturalism
refers to the specific policies developed to respond
and manage ethnic diversity.
James Bank’s Four Approaches of
Curriculum/School Transformation
• Level 1: Contributions - Heroes, holidays, and food became a
special focus on a particular day, recognizing the
contributions of various groups.
• Level 2: Additive - Special units and topics about various
groups are added to, but do not fundamentally alter the
curriculum.
• Level 3: Transformation - Curriculum is changed, so that the
students see the world from the different perspective of
various groups.
• Level 4: Social Action - Students make decisions about their
world and become directly involved in social actions.
Five Dimensions of Multicultural Education
(Banks, 1997)
1. Content integration deals with the extent to which
teachers use examples and content from a variety of
cultures groups to illustrate key concepts, generalizations,
and issues within subject area or disciplines.
2. Knowledge construction process describes how teachers
help students to understand, investigate, and determine
how the biases, frames of reference, and perspectives
within a discipline influence the ways in which knowledge
is constructed within it. Students also learn how to build
knowledge themselves in this dimension.
3. Prejudice reduction describes lessons and activities used by
teachers to help students to develop positive attitudes
toward different racial, ethnic, and cultural groups.
4. Equity pedagogy exists when teachers modify their
teaching in ways that will facilitate the academic
achievement of students from diverse racial, cultural, and
social class groups.
5. Empowering school culture and social structure is created
when the culture and organization of the school are
transformed in ways that enable students from diverse
racial, ethnic, and gender groups to experience equality
and equal status.
Subculture
• refers to a “cultural group within a larger culture, after
having beliefs or interests at variance with those of
the larger culture.
• refers to a cultural patterns that set apart of a
society’s population. It can be based on age, ethnicity,
residence, sexual preference, occupation, and many
other factors.
Deviant
• Tensions sometimes develop between members of
dominant culture and one or more subcultures,
especially subcultures that directly oppose dominant
norms and values (e.g. drug subculture or homosexual
subculture)
Counterculture
• Exists when a subculture adopts values and beliefs
that are predominantly in opposition to those of a
larger society.
Functions of Subcultures
1. Permitting specialized activity - because subcultures
(particularly occupational subcultures) carry the
knowledge necessary to perform specialized tasks,
they are essential to the division of labor which is
essential in any society which is becoming larger and
more complex.
2. Identity in mass society - subcultures also provide a
source of identity in mass society, thus preventing
feelings of isolation and anomie.
3. Cultural adaptation and change - serve as a source of
adaptation to society. Often a subculture is the
mechanism through which cultural diffusion occurs.
In some cases, some groups of people in society -
often the young , the well-educated, or those at the
forefront of developing new technologies - adopt a
new set of values and beliefs that are better
adjusted to new realities. This group, thus develops
a subculture in response to new conditions.
61.Which is progressive approach for transforming
education that holistically critiques current short-
coming, failings and discriminatory practices on
education?
a.
c Multicultural Education
b. Peace Education
c. Disciplinary Education
d. Values education
62.“Students make decisions about their world
and become directly involved in social actions”.
This approach is what level on Bank’s Approaches
of Curriculum?
a. Contribution
b. Additive
c. Transformation
d.
c
Social Action
63.Which is true about prejudice reduction?
a. Describes how teachers help students to understand, investigate,
and determine how the biases, frames of reference, and
perspectives within a discipline influence the ways in which
knowledge is constructed within it.
b.
c Describes lessons and activities used by teachers to help students to
develop positive attitudes toward different racial, ethnic, and
cultural groups.
c. Is created when the culture and organization of the school are
transformed in ways that enable students from diverse racial,
ethnic, and gender groups to experience equality and equal status.
d. exists when teachers modify their teaching in ways that will
facilitate the academic achievement of students from diverse racial,
cultural, and social class groups.
64. Which can be based on a variety of factors
such as religion, race ethnicity, age, and sexual
orientation?
a. Culture
b. Multiculturalism
c. Culture Identification
d.
c Subculture
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
• Is a group of social positions, connected by social
relations, performing a social role.
• In a narrow sense, it is any institution in a society that
works to socialize the groups of people in it.
Five Essential Tasks:
1. Replacing members or procreation
2. Teaching new members
3. Producing
4. Distributing and consuming goods and services
5. Preserving order, and providing and maintaining a
sense of purpose.
Characteristics of Social Institutions
• Institutions are purposive
• They are relatively permanent in their content
• Institutions are structured
• Institutions are unified structure
• Institutions are necessarily value-laden
Functions of Social Institutions
• Institutions simplify social behavior for the individual
person.
• Provide ready-made forms of social relations and
social roles for the individual.
• Act as agencies of coordination and stability for the
total culture.
• Institutions tend to control behavior.
Five Major Social Institutions
1. Family
2. Education
3. Religion
4. Economics
5. Government
1. The Family
• Is the smallest social institution with the unique
function of producing and rearing the young.
• Basic unit of society and basic agent of socialization
because it is where the individual develops values,
behaviors, and ways of life through interaction with
the members of the family.
Characteristics of a Filipino Family
- closely knit and strong family ties
- usually extended, kinship extends to “compadre” or
sponsors
- great difference exists in the roles of man and woman.
Functions of a Family
- Reproduction of the race and rearing the young.
- Cultural transmission or enculturation
- Socialization of the child
- Providing affection and sense of security
- Providing the enrichment for personality development
and the growth of self-concept in relation to others
- Providing social status
Kinds of Family Patterns
MEMBERSHIP
Nuclear/conjugal - This is the primary or elementary family consisting of husband, wife,
and children.
Extended/consanguin - It consists of married couple, their parents, siblings, grandparents,
e uncles, aunts, and cousins.
According to terms of marriage, there is monogamy and polygamy.
Polygamy - means plural marriage. There are three types, these are
a. polyandry - where one woman is married to two or more men at the same time.
b. polygamy - where one man is married to two or more women at the same time
c. cenogamy - where two or more mean mate with two or more women in group marriage.
Kinds of Family Patterns
RESIDENCE
Neolocal - When the newly wed married pair maintains a separate household and
live by themselves
Matrilocal - When the newly married couple lives with the parents of the wife.
Patrilocal - When the newly married couple lives with the parents of the husband.
Kinds of Family Patterns
AUTHORITY
Patriarchal - When the father is considered the head and plays dominant
role
Matriarchal - When the mother or female is the head and makes major
decisions
Equalitarian - When both father and mother share in making decisions and
are equal in authority.
Kinds of Family Patterns
DESCENT
Bilineal - descent is recognized through both mother and father’s side
d. Religion
66. Which of the following does NOT describe
a Filipino family?
a. closely knit and strong family ties
b. usually extended, kinship extends to
“compadre” or sponsors
c. great difference exists in the roles of man and
woman.
d.
c gives equal roles to man and woman.
67.When the newly wed married pair maintains a
separate household and live by themselves, what
family pattern is observed?
a.
c neolocal
b. matriarchal
c. patrilocal
d. egalitarian
68. What is the basic purpose of the existence
of educational institutions?
a. Reproduction and rearing of young
b.
cc knowledge transmission
c. Cognitive-Development theory
d. Operant Conditioning theory
71. What do you call the beliefs humans hold
about the characteristics associated with male and
females?
a. gender bias
b. gender prejudice
c. gender inequality
d.
cc gender stereotyping
72. Which refers to women subordination
that leads to gender inequality?
a. racism
b. ageism
c. classificism
d.
cc sexism
73. Which ideology assumes that men have
greater power than women?
a.
cc Traditional
b. Classical
c. Egoistic
d. Transitional
74. What ideology advocates the balance of
role acquisition between men and women?
a. Traditional
b. Classical
c. Egoistic
d.
cc Transitional
GLOBALIZATION ASEAN INTEGRATION
Globalization
• Refers to an increasing interconnectedness and convergence
of activities and forms of life among diverse cultures
throughout the world.
• As theory, it seeks to explain the integration of economies
and societies around the world as they are knit together by
travel, language, values and ideas, trade, labor and financial
flows, communication and technology.
• As a process, it affects all countries, some more favorably
than the others in terms of economic growth, national
sovereignty, and cultural diversity (Wood, 2008).
Education System
d. Globalism
76. Which of the following conditions
manifests trend of globalization?
a. Establishment of stronger boundaries between and
among nations.
b. Increased awareness on the importance of national
cultures and traditions.
c. Less and less impact of human activity on the planet
earth.
d.
cc The incorporation of local and national economies
d. Global education
87.How does the notion of cultural relativity and variability
affect the teaching-learning processes in school?
a. The students' varied cultural background will in now way
affect the way they will learn the lessons in school.
b. The students can readily adjust to the way the teacher
initiates learning in school because children are adaptable
beings no matter what culture they come from.
c. The child's cultural background influences the children's
way of interpreting and viewing the world; hence, teachers
must consider the children's world view when teaching.
d.
cc The teacher should be wary of differing cultural points of
view and must make sure that students will see things the
same way.
88.Which among the following is the focus of
Civic Education?
a. Promote understanding of human rights, concepts and
values to enable learners to comprehend and transform
conditions which give rise to human rights violations.
b.
cc Learning for effective participation in democratic and
development processes at both local and national levels.
c. Foster a vision of education for sustainable development
and care for the environment.
d. Empower people with the skills, attitudes and knowledge to
build a peaceful world based on justice and human rights.
89.Which of the following initiatives would
NOT help a school address diversity?
a.
cc Using ability grouping
race
b. Readiness to take risks and resolve or manage
conflicts
c. Scientific spirit and an inquiring mind
d. Complete fulfillment of humans, in all the richness of
his/her personality
94.Which of the following statements about
Gender is correct?
a. Gender is biologically determined.
b.
cc Gender is socially and culturally-constructed.
c. Earth's Day
d. International Day of Tolerance
101. The teacher being the sole authority
agrees with what educational philosophy?
a. progressivism c. perennialism
b. essentialism d. reconstructionism
102. Which of the following trends is
influenced by reconstructionism?
a. Use of great books
b. Excellence in education
c. School reforms
d. Equality in education
103. “Learning should be organized so students
can succeed in mastering the content”
corresponds to
a. Cognitive psychology
b. Behaviorist psychology
c. Humanistic psychology
d. Applied psychology
Historical Dimension of Education
Chinese Education
• aimed at selecting and training people for public
service
• believe that government has the responsibility to
provide education
• Analects - the most reversed Chinese classical
literature which contains the saying of Confucius
Egyptian Education
• highly practical and empirical
• devised system of picture writing called the hieroglyphics
• basic foundation of education, art, music, literature, mathematics,
engineering, architecture, astronomy, geography, geology, medicine,
etc.
Greek Education
• mixture of Germanic and Aryan stock (strong race)
• Peloponnesian war (27 years)
• divided into Poleis (smallity-states)
Spartan Education
• Largest polis
• Purely military city-state
• ROTC
Athenian Education
• “Men sana en coporesano” (Sound mind sound body)
• democratic form of living
Roman Education
• pragmatic education (home-based / hellenized Roman Education)
Japanese Education
• abolishment of English language
104. The period in the Philippines educational
history that terminated the use of English is the
a. Pre-Hispanic period
b. Spanish period
c. Japanese period
d. New Society
105. The value of the community is given great
emphasis in which approach to curriculum
development?
a. Behavioral
b. Systems
c. Managerial
d. Humanistic
106. On which was the curriculum in the
American period focused?
a. religion
b. practical applications
c. democracy
d. social revolution
107. The main contribution of the Arroyo
administration in education is Republic Act No.
9155. this provision
a. Alibata c. Analects
b. Hieroglyphics d. Sanskrit
110. “Pleasure is the greatest good”. This phrase
would probably derived from which philosophical
school?
a. Academy c. Stoics
b. Epicurean d. Lyceum
Greek Universities (Philosophical Schools)
a. Perspective c. Achievement
b. Quality d. Environment
113. How can you best describe the role of the
teacher under the Pillar of Learning to Know?
a. ideational c. cumulative
b. diverse d. learned
115. Which of the following is the most
important component in educational reform?
a. student’s participation
b. parent’s involvement
c. School’s good relationship with parents
d. teacher’s interaction with parents and students
116. Macky, an 8-year-old child, immediately
kisses the hand of his elders whenever he meets
them. He learned this value by observing his elder
sisters and parents. This pattern of acquiring
values is based on this principle _____.
a. Values are intrinsically motivated
b. Values are taught not caught
c. Values are caught not taught
d. Values are innate
117. What is man’s ultimate vocation and
destiny according to Paulo Freire?
a. rationalization c. secularization
b. humanization d. deregulation
118. Which according to RA 9155 is considered as
the” heart of the formal education system”?
a. pupil c. classroom
b. teacher d. school
119. Teacher Ruel makes full use of the question-
and-answer as a model for discussion. From whom
is this question-and-answer method?
a. Kant c. Aristotle
b. Socrates d. Plato
120. Teacher Lyn knows of the illegal gambling
that his neighbor is operating. However, he
chooses to be quiet about it for the fear of getting
involved in any investigation that this may cause.
Which among the following principles of morality
does Teacher Lyn fail to apply?
a. Choose what is good and avoid what is evil
b. Choose the lesser evil
c. The end justifies the mean
d. The end does not justify the mean
121. Which of the following pillars of learning
aimed for the wholistic development and
complete fulfillment of man?
a. Learning to Do
b. Learning to Live Together
c. Learning to Be
d. Learning to Know
122. Which among the following situations violate
the principle of respect?
I. Teacher Val tells her student that what Teacher
Max taught is wrong.
II. Teacher Angelique, upon learning what Teacher
Val did, asked her students not to attend his class.
III. Teacher Jon is giving special favour to students
to please the students so that he can get a
remarkable result in the evaluation.
a. I and II b. I and III c. II and III d. I, II and III
123. What pillar of learning is concerned on the
material development rather than human
development?
a. Learning to Live Together
b. Learning to Be
c. Learning to Know
d. Learning to Do
124. The failure of independent study with
most Filipino students may be attributed to
which of the following?
a. unpreparedness for schooling
b. ambivalence
c. high degree of independence
d. high degree of dependence on authority
125. How will you describe the idea of higher
education according to Plato?
a. designed to train and blend gentle and fierce
qualities in the individuals and create a harmonious
person
b. trains the suitably gifted so that they may be
qualified to assume the role of ruling a class
c. makes the soul responsive to the environment
d. helps the soul to search for truth which illuminated it
126. The medium/media of instructions in schools
during the Spanish era was/were ___________.
a. DepEd c. TESDA
b. CHED d. PAASCU
132. What are the necessary skills needed
under the “learning to live together”
a. Child-centered
b. Gender-sensitive
c. Promotes good health
d. Instills love of country
134. Which of the following situations best depict
the role of politics in influencing educational
institutions as agents of change in society?
I. Filipino students were forced to adopt English as
a medium of instruction during the American
regime
II. Filipino students had to learn Japanese during
the Japanese occupation
III. Filipino students were not allowed to use
English during the Japanese occupation
a. III only b. I and II c. II and III d. I, II and III
135. This educational program promotes equality
among students belonging to a multicultural and
inter-faith classroom.
a. Indigenous development
b. Sectoral solidification
c. Multicultural education
d. Cultural immersion
136. “Man by nature is good” according to
Confucius, Rousseau and Mencius. This
characteristic of man, makes him easier to be
__________.
a. motivated c. rewarded
b. taught d. respected
137. Which among the following are the basic
assumptions of behaviorists?
I. All behaviors are shaped by environmental
events
II. Man is free and his behavior can never be
shaped by environment
III. The mind of a new born child is a “tabula rasa”
a. Preschool c. Secondary
b. Elementary d. Tertiary
139. Aside from being Teacher, Mr. Sanchez is also
a community leader. Which of the following
should Mr. Sanchez not do as a teacher and
community leader?
a. Support effort of the community to improve his
status in life
b. Make himself aloof to ensure that his decisions will
not be influenced by community politics
c. Solicit donation from philanthropists in the
community
d. Play an active part in the activities of the community
140. The aforecited provisions of RA 10533 make
clear that schools should be ___________.
a. community-centered
b. LGU-centered
c. church-centered
d. parents-centered
141. Your class has several IP(Indigenous People)
children. Which one will facilitate pupil’s learning?
a. RA 4670 c. RA 4288
b. RA 7877 d. RA 7836
RA 4670 (Magna Carta for Public school
Teachers)
RA 7877 - Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995
RA 4288 - An Act Providing for the Establishment
Breeding Station in the Municipality
RA 7836 - Philippine Teachers Professionalization
Act of 1994
146. Parents retain access to their children’s
school records until the child reaches the age
of 18. This provision is found under
a. Practical aspect
b. Practical and Theoretical aspects
c. Theoretical aspect
d. Either Practical or Theoretical
150. Who among the following philosophers is
against the “banking concept of education”?
A. Curriculum Monitoring
B. Curriculum
C. Curriculum Design
D. Curriculum Content
152. What is the most appropriate description
of a curriculum?
A. “what” of education
B. “why” of education
C. “how” of education
D. “when” of education
153. The following are curricularists from the
traditional point of view except ______________.
A. Robert Hutchins
B. Joseph Schwab
C. Arthur Bestor
D. John Dewey
154. If curriculum is designed following the
traditional approach, which feature/s apply/ies?
I. The aims of the curriculum are set by professionals.
II. Interested groups (teachers, students, communities) are assumed
to agree with the aims of the curriculum.
III. Consensus building is not necessary.
A. I, II, III
B. I, II
C. I only
D. I and III
DEFINITION OF CURRICULUM
Etymology of “Curriculum”
From the classical Latin word, “currere” which
means “to run”, curriculum derives its modern
meaning from the idea of a “race course”.
ROBERT HUTCHINS
• Views curriculum as “permanent studies”
• 3R’s are included (READING, WRITING, ARITHMETIC)
ARTHUR BESTOR
• Essentialist believes that the mission of curriculum
should be intellectual training, hence curriculum
should focus on the fundamental intellectual
disciplines.
JOSEPH SCHWAB
• Thinks that the sole source of curriculum is a
discipline, thus the subject areas such as
mathematics, social studies, English and many
more.
PHILIP PHENIX
• Asserts that curriculum should consists entirely
knowledge which comes from various disciplines
PROGRESSIVE POINT OF VIEW
The total learning experiences of the learner
JOHN DEWEY
• Believes that education is experiencing.
Reflective thinking is a means that unifies
curricular elements that are tested by
application.
HOLIN CASWELL AND KENN CAMPBELL
• Viewed curriculum as all experiences children under the guidance of
the teacher.
TRADITIONAL PROGRESSIVE
Subject-centered Student-centered
Teacher-centered Teacher facilitates
Knowledge-based Experienced-based
Focus on Discipline Reflective
(example: math, science,
English, etc.) Anchored on J. Dewey’s learning
Serves as written documents or by doing
plan of action
155. Present trends and current issues of national
and international interests are discussed in the
curriculum. Which educational philosophy
advocates this?
A. Reconstructionism
B. Essentialism
C. Progressivism
D. Perennialism
156. Teacher leads for growth and development
of lifelong learners. Which educational
philosophy advocates this?
A. Perennialism
B. Essentialism
C. Progressivism
D. Reconstructionism
Major Foundations of Curriculum
•Philosophical
•Historical
•Psychological
•Social
Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum
FAMILY
Society as a source of change.
SCHOOL
School and family as agent of change.
SOCIETY
157. Mike delivers his lesson based on a curriculum
that is part of school and district documents. What
type of curriculum did he use?
A.Recommended Curriculum
B. Hidden Curriculum
C. Taught Curriculum
D. Written Curriculum
158. Teacher Arnel uses Microsoft Excel when
teaching in his Economic class. These software
help him and his students organize, tabulate,
analyze and visually represent numerical data.
A.Assessed curriculum
B. Supported curriculum
C. Hidden curriculum
D.Taught curriculum
159. Being a working student, Lea learned during her
college days how to manage her time wisely. This is
included in the ___________________.
A. Recommended Curriculum
B. Taught Curriculum
C. Official Curriculum
D. Hidden Curriculum
160. The Project Philippine Catholic School Standard (PPCSS),
adapted by the Catholic Educational Association of the
Philippines (CEAP) from the National Catholic Education
Association (NCEA), describes the suggested policies, programs
and benchmarks for Catholic schools in the Philippines. What
type of curriculum is stated?
A. Recommended Curriculum
B. Taught Curriculum
C. Official Curriculum
D. Hidden Curriculum
TYPES OF CURRICULA IN SCHOOLS
1. RECOMMENDED CURRICULUM
A.Specific
B. Measurable
C. Time-bound
D. Attainable
163. Sound educational aims which are the basis of
any curriculum are derived from a careful
consideration of several factors, foremost of which
is/are ____________.
A. Design
B. Planning
C.Evaluation
D. Implementation
165. What element of the curriculum offers
the basis for the selection of learning content?
A. Learning experiences
B. Objectives
C. Content
D. Evaluation
166. Which of the following elements of the
curriculum includes instructional strategies put
into action?
A.Learning experiences
B. Objectives
C. Content
D. Evaluation
167. Which of the following elements of the
curriculum includes the quality and
effectiveness of a curriculum?
A.Learning experiences
B. Objectives
C. Content
D. Evaluation
168. Which are supposed to be aligned in an
outcomes-based course syllabus?
I. learning outcomes
II. teaching-learning activities
III. assessment tasks
IV.teacher qualifications
A. II only C. I and II
B. II and III D. I, II and III
170. Which pair of the components of a lesson
plan does not parallel curriculum components?
1. Institutional Objectives
• Vision Statement - The vision of the school embodies its desired
state in the future -- what it wants to be?
• Mission Statement – The mission of the school states how they plan
to achieve their institutional vision.
2. Classroom-level Objectives
A. Planning
B. Implementation
C. Evaluation
D. Feedback
173. What design element refers to the
authenticity of the content to be taught?
A. Articulation
B. Significance
C. Feasibility
D. Validity
174. Courses such as Philosophy are not taught in Grade
1 because students are typically not emotionally or
morally capable of answering abstract and existential
questions. Which characteristic of a good content is seen
in this example?
A. Usefulness
B. Significance
C. Learnability
D. Validity
175. Mr. Bernardo, a curriculum consultant on Economics
insists that in selecting the curriculum content, it is better
that throughout the high school years, economic
geography concepts be used to recur and be repeated with
depth for effective learning. What criterion in content
selection is shown here?
A. Validity
B. Continuity
C. Significance
D. Learnability
176. A good curriculum content exhibits what
quality, and thus makes it essential in real-life
applications. This shows________________.
A.Significance
B. Interest
C. Utility
D. Validity
177. The subject matter or content to be learned must be
within the time allowed, resources available, expertise of
the teacher and nature of learners. What criterion is
addressed?
A. Validity
B. Significance
C. Interest
D. Feasibility
178. What criterion is not included in
the selection of subject matter?
A. Self-sufficiency
B. Creativity
C.Validity
D. Utility
Components 3- Curriculum Content or Subject Matter
1. SELF-SUFFICIENCY
4. UTILITY
• Can be relative to time
• Useful in the past, may not be useful now or in the future
• Content helpful in real life
5. LEARNABILITY
• The complexity of the content should be within the
range of experiences of the learners
6. FEASIBILITY
• Subject content be learned within the allotted,
resources available, expertise of the teachers and the
nature of the learners
7. INTEREST
• Will the learners take interest in the content?
• Are the contents meaningful?
• One of the driving force for students to learn better
• Degree to which the content either caters or fosters particular interests in the
students
8. SCOPE
• Refers to the range of important ideas and concepts included
A. Balance
B. Continuity
C. Sequence
D. Modernity
180. When curriculum content is fairly
distributed in each area of discipline this means
that the curriculum is _______________.
A. Sequenced
B. Balanced
C. Integrated
D. Continued
181. Which holds true when each level of
subject matter is smoothly connected to the
next level and glaring gaps, wasteful overlaps in
subject matter are avoided?
A.Context
B. Input
C. Process
D. Product
183. Which fundamental principle should serve as
reminder for a beginning teacher as he/she plans,
implements and evaluates the curriculum?
A. Learning is a measure of the amount of knowledge of the
teacher.
B. Learning happens only in the classroom and school setting.
C. Learning cannot occur without the teacher in front of the
class.
D. Learning is always guided by the desired outcomes to be
achieved by the learner.
Component 4- Curriculum Evaluation
Stufflebeam’s CIPP Model of Curriculum Evaluation
A.Curriculum Planning
B.Curriculum Designing
C.Curriculum Evaluating
D.Curriculum Development
185. In curriculum development, the teacher
should always bear in mind that
___________________.
Curriculum Development
A. Stufflebeam’s Model
B. Tyler’s Model
C. Taba’s Model
D. Saylor’s Model
188. Whose curriculum model stresses the
involvement of teachers in its development?
A.Bloom’s Model
B. Tyler’s Model
C. Taba’s Model
D.Wheeler’s Model
189. The Tyler Model focuses on the
following, except ______________.
A.Purposes of the school
B. Educational Experiences
C. Evaluation of Experiences
D. Reforms in Education
190. The following describe Taba’s Grassroots
Approach except _______________.
A. democratic
B. non-linear
C. Inductive
D. hierarchical
191. Tyler’s Model put emphasis on the
____________ phase.
A.Planning Phase
B.Designing Phase
C.Implementing Phase
D.Evaluating Phase
192. Which is not part of the grassssroots
approach of Hilda Taba?
A. Curriculum Planning
B. Curriculum Designing
C. Curriculum Implementing
D. Curriculum Evaluating
195. What phase of curriculum development which
involves activities that transpires in every teacher’s
classroom where learning becomes an active process?
A. Curriculum Planning
B. Curriculum Designing
C. Curriculum Implementing
D. Curriculum Evaluating
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT PROCESS MODEL
b. CURRICULUM DESIGNING
• Designing a curriculum follows after appropriate learning
opportunities are determined and how each opportunity is
provided.
c. CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION
• A designed curriculum is now ready for implementation. Teachers
then prepare instructional plans where instructional objectives are
specified and appropriate teaching methods and strategies are
utilized to achieve the desired learning outcomes among students.
d. CURRICULUM EVALUATION
• The last step of the curriculum model is evaluation. Through the
evaluation process, curriculum planner and develops can determine
whether or not the goals of the school and the objectives of
instruction have been met.
Phases of Curriculum Development
Curriculum Planning
• Initial process in curriculum development
• Considers the school vision, mission and goals
• A complex process where faculty define intended learning outcomes,
assessments, content and pedagogic requirements necessary for student
success across an entire curriculum.
Curriculum Designing
• Is the way curriculum is conceptualized to include the selection and
organization of content, the selection and organization of learning
experiences or activities and the selection of the assessment
procedure and tools to measure achieved learning outcomes.
Curriculum Implementing
• Putting the plan into action
• Involves the activities that transpire in every teacher’s
classroom where learning becomes an active process
Curriculum Evaluating
• An essential phase of curriculum development. Through
evaluation a faculty discovers whether a curriculum is fulfilling
its purpose and whether students actually learning.
• Evaluation is the process of collecting data on a program to
determine its value or worth with the aim of deciding whether
to adopt, reject, or revise the program.
196. Which approach sets the principal as the
curriculum and instructional leader at the
same time?
A.Systems
B. Managerial
C. Behavioral
D. Humanistic
197. The organizational chart of the school
shows the rank-and-file of school personnel.
What curriculum approach is presented?
A. Systems
B. Managerial
C. Behavioral
D. Humanistic
198. If curriculum is planned following the
behavioral approach, which sequence is
CORRECT?
I. Ends with implementing the planned curriculum.
II. Start with setting of objectives and goals.
III. Learning outcomes are evaluated along goals and objectives
set at the start
IV. Change in behavior indicates the measure of the
accomplishments
A. Curriculum monitoring
B. Curriculum accreditation
C. Curriculum evaluation
D. Curriculum try-out
Curriculum Approaches
Behavioral Approach
• Approach to curriculum is usually based on a blue print. The change of
behavior indicates the measure of accomplishment.
• Success of the curriculum is based on whether objectives are attained.
Managerial Approach
• The principal is the curriculum leader and at the same time instructional
leader, who is supposed to be the general manager. School
administrators are less concerned about the content than about
organization and implementation.
• The overall process and the decisions about the curriculum
implementation is the primary process.
System Approach
• the parts of the total school district or school are determined in terms of
how they relate to each other. The organizational chart of the school
represents systems approach. It shows the line-staff relationships of
personal and how decisions are made. The following are equal
importance: (1) Administration, (2)counseling, (3) curriculum, (4)
instruction, (5) evaluation.
Humanistic Approach
• This approach is rooted in the progressive philosophy and child-centered
movement. It considers the formal or planned curriculum and the formal
or hidden curriculum. It considers the whole child and believes that in a
curriculum, the total development of the individual is the prime
consideration. The learner is at the center of the curriculum.
55. Which curriculum design model is
anchored on the needs of the learner?
A.Humanistic design
B.Broad-field design
C. Life-situation Design
D. Core Design
56. Which of the following follows the
discipline design of curricular structure?
A.Problem-centered approach
B.Humanistic Approach
C.Systems Approach
D.Child-centered Approach
60. Which does not belong to the
group?
A.Child-centered Design
B.Experience-centered Design
C.Problem-centered Design
D.Humanistic Design
61. A humanistic approach to curriculum
planning has the following features, except
_________.
A.Child-centered Design
B.Core Design
C.Subject Design
D.Broad Field Design
63. Teacher Lily would like to take part in developing a subject-centered
curriculum because she believes that all subjects in this type of
curriculum are geared towards the holistic development of the learner. Is
her belief about the subject-centered curriculum true?
A. Very child-centered
B. Excludes the hidden curriculum
C. Downplays the significance of the formal curriculum
D. Emphasizes on the child’s cognitive development
65. When the curriculum aims to develop the whole
child, the curriculum is considered _____________.
A.Subject-centered
B. Child-centered
C. Nature-centered
D. Child-centered
66. If you apply the integrated curriculum
approach, which one is out?
A.Substitution
B. Alteration
C. Restructuring
D.Perturbations
70. What type of curriculum change responds on
the shift of emphasis that the teacher provides
which are no within the VMGO of the school or
vice versa?
A.Alteration
B.Restructuring
C.Perturbations
D.Value Orientation
71. A major curriculum change like shifting from face to
face to online in the delivery of an academic program.
This is an example of what category of curriculum
change?
A.Alteration
B.Restructuring
C.Perturbations
D.Value Orientation
72. Progressive steps from orientation to reflection
about the curriculum. What element of curriculum
implementation is this?
A.Developmental
B. Participatory
C. Supportive
D.Variation
PART IV. IMPLEMENTING THE CURRICULUM
• Kurt Lewin’s Force Field Theory and Curriculum Change
A. Sponsors
B. Patrons
C. Stockholders
D. Stakeholders
74. Which stakeholder of the curriculum will
say “I keep in mind, how I can sustain the
interest of the learners?”
A.Teacher
B. Head Teacher
C. Principal
D. Parent
75. Whose primary duty is to help
classroom teachers teach to the best of
their ability?
A. Students
B. School Head
C. Parents
D. DepEd Superintendent
76. The following statements are true on how
do parents shape the curriculum, except.
A.Parents
B. Supervisors
C. Office Staff
D. Learning Resource Center Staff
80. Teacher R’s lesson for Grade 3 is on the history of
the town. There is no existing reference material in
the library. Who can be tapped?
A. I and V C. IV and V
B. II and III D. I and II
84. Every school should plan for and support students
with learning needs. Which two (2) vital components
have to be addressed to provide such needs?
I. Principles of inclusive education
II. Content area and trans-disciplinary knowledge
III. Learning styles, abilities and disabilities of students
IV. Relevant curriculum frameworks
A.The objectives
B.The learners
C.The materials
D.The content
88. Between the child and the teacher, who is
more accountable for learning and why?
A. The child is held more accountable because learning
ultimately depends on the child.
B. The teacher is more accountable because teacher has more
power.
C. The teacher and the child are equally accountable because
both have a role in the teaching-learning process
D. Nobody can be claimed to be more accountable because
we are not given a concrete situation.
Roles of Stakeholders in Curriculum Implementation
Stakeholders are individuals or institution that are
interested in the school curriculum.
a. Learners at the Center of the Curriculum - These learners are the very
reason why curriculum is developed.
A. Knower
B. Planner
C. Writer
D. Implementor
92. At the end of the year, my performance as a teacher is
reflected in the school performance of my students. So I need
to provide a monitoring tool to measure how they are
progressing. The result will inform me how I will address my
learners’ weakness and enhance their strengths. Who I am as a
curricularists?
A. Knower
B. Evaluator
C. Writer
D. Initiator
93. My class is composed of learners from different home
background and culture. I cannot use a “one-size-fits all
strategy” in teaching so I can respond to the diverse
background. In my readings, I discovered that there are ways of
teaching. I tried one myself and it worked. Who I am as a
curricularist?
A. Knower
B. Innovator
C. Writer
D. Initiator
TEACHER AS A CURRICULARIST
• Enhancing the quality of basic education in the Philippines is urgent and critical.
• The poor quality of education is reflected in the low achievement scores of Filipino
students.
• The Philippines failed miserably in international tests.
• The 10-year curriculum is congested which partly explains the present state of
education.
• The preparation of high school graduates for the world of work or higher education
is inadequate.
• Most graduates are too young to enter the labor force.
• The 10-year system also reinforces the misperception that basic education is just a
preparatory step for higher education.
• Our graduates are not automatically recognized as professionals abroad.
• The short basic education program affects the human development of the Filipino
children.
OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION (OBE)
• OBE is an approach to teaching and learning wherein the
instructional objectives are the basis for all decision-making.
A. Formative Assessment
B. Placement Assessment
C. Diagnostic Assessment
D. Summative Assessment
202. Teacher G conducted a test after discussing the lesson
“Item Analysis” to check whether the students learned
something about the lesson. The result is not a part of the
computation of grades but to get feedback only. Which type
of assessment Teacher G applied?
A. Formative Assessment
B. Placement Assessment
C. Diagnostic Assessment
D. Summative Assessment
203. The college secretary of the College of Business
Administration conducted an assessment at the beginning of
the semester to find out who among the 2nd-year accountancy
students can proceed to 3rd year. The result will also be used
for sectioning purposes. What type of assessment was given
to the students?
A. Formative Assessment
B. Placement Assessment
C. Diagnostic Assessment
D. Summative Assessment
What is TEST?
Assessment as a PRODUCT
• Refers to the instrument (ex. Set of questions or tasks) that is
designed to elicit a predetermined behavior, unique performance or a
product from a student.
Assessment as a PROCESS
• Collection, interpretation and use of QUALITATIVE AND
QUANTITATIVE INFORMATION to assist teachers in their educational
decision-making.
What is EVALUATION?
A process of making judgements about the quality of a
performance, product, skill or behavior of a student
• Includes using some basis to judge worth or value
• It involves judgment about the desirability or changes
in the students.
Includes 3 types of assessment done BEFORE AND Done AFTER INSTRUCTION SELF-ASSESSMENT
DURING INSTRUCTION
1. Placement - Determine the extent to which - Done for teachers to
-entry performance of student the instructional objectives understand their role of
-determine the mastery of the course objectives have been met assessing FOR and OF learning
and the best mode of learning - Results are communicated to
2. Diagnostic the student, parents and other
-aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of stakeholders
the student regarding the topics to be discussed - Powerful factor that could pave
-causes of learning problem to formulate plan for the way for educational
remedial instruction reforms
3. Formative
-used to monitor the learning progress
-results of this assessment are communicated
clearly and promptly to the students
Modes of Assessment
MODES DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Traditional The objective paper-and- Standardized tests Scoring is objective Preparation of
pen test which usually Teacher-made tests Administration is easy instrument is time-
assesses low-level because students can consuming
thinking skills take the test at the Prone to cheating
same time
Performance A mode of assessment Practical Test Preparation of the Scoring tends to be
that requires actual Oral Tests instrument is subjective without
demonstration of skills or Projects relatively easy rubrics
creation of products of Measures behaviors Administration is
learning. that cannot be time consuming.
deceived
Portfolio A process of gathering Working Portfolio Measures student’s Development is
multiple indicators of Show Portfolio growth and time consuming
student progress to Documentary development Rating tends to be
support course goals in Portfolio Intelligence-fair subjective without
dynamic, ongoing and rubrics.
collaborative process
TRADITIONAL ASSESSMENT AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT
A. Objectivity
B. Economy
C. Administrability
D. Scorability
205. Which of the following statements concerning
test validity and reliability is most accurate?
A. Rubric
B. Achievement Test
C. Evaluation Instrument
D. Portfolio
207. On which assumption is portfolio assessment based?
A. Product Portfolio
B. Process Portfolio
C. Documentation Portfolio
D. Development Portfolio
209. When planning for portfolio assessment,
which should you do first?
Types of Portfolio
1. Documentation or Working Portfolio
• To highlight development and improvement over time.
• Showcase the process of learning by including full progression of
project development.
• Often involves a range of artifacts from brainstormed lists to rough
drafts to finished products
2. Process Portfolio
• To document all stages of the learning process
• It also includes samples of student work throughout the entire
educational progression.
• It expands on the information in a documentation portfolio by
integrating reflections and HOTS.
• It includes documentation of reflection such as learning logs, journals or
documented discussions.
1. Checklist
2. Rating Scale
•Measures the extent or degree to which a trait has been satisfied by one’s work or
performance.
•Offers overall description of the different levels of quality of a work or a performance
•Uses 3 to more levels to describe the work or performance although the most common
rating scales have 4 or 5 performance levels.
• RUBRIC a measuring instrument used in rating performance-based tasks.
Measure the attainment of learning competencies that require demonstration
of skills or creation of products of learning.
Type Description Advantages Disadvantages
Holistic It describes the overall quality of Allows fast assessment Does not clearly describe the
a performance or product degree of the criterion satisfied
Provides one score to describe the or not by the performance or
There is only one rating given to overall performance or quality of product
the entire work or performance work
Does not permit differential
Indicate the general strengths and weighting of the qualities of a
weaknesses of the work product of performance
performance
Analytic Describes the quality of a Clearly describes the degree of the It is more time consuming to use
performance or product in criterion satisfied or not by the
terms of the identified performance or product It is more difficult to construct
dimensions of criteria for which
are rated independently to give It permits differential weighting of
a better picture of the quality of the qualities of a performance or
work or performance product
A.Standardize Test
B. Informal Test
C. Educational Test
D. Selective Test
213. What type of test when scorer’s personal
judgment does not affect the scoring?
A.Power Test
B. Subjective Test
C. Objective Test
D. Selective Test
214. What type of test aims to measure student’s
intelligence or mental ability in a large degree
without reference to what the students previously
learned?
A. Standardize Test
B. Psychological Test
C. Educational Test
D. Mastery Test
215. Based on the format, what type of test
requires a longer time to answer and there are
no choices?
A. Supply Test
B. Selective Test
C. Objective Test
D. Subjective Test
216. Which statement can be determined by a criterion-
referenced test?
Verbal Non-Verbal
Words are used by students in Students do not use words in
Language Mode attaching meaning to or attaching meaning to or in
responding to test items responding to test items
Different Type of Tests
Main Point of Type of Tests
Comparison
Standardized Informal
Constructed by a Constructed by classroom
professional item writer teachers
Covers a broad range of Covers a narrow range of
Construction content In a subject area content
Use mainly multiple choice Teacher picks or writes items
Items Written as screened as needed for the test
and the best items were Scored manually by the
chosen for the final teacher
instrument Interpretation is usually
Can be scored by machine criterion-referenced
Interpretation of results is
usually norm-referenced
Main Point of Type of Tests
Comparison
Individual Group
Mostly given orally or requires actual A paper and pencil test
Manner of demonstration of skill Same amount of time needed to
Administration One-on-one situations, thus many gather information from one
opportunities for clinical observation student
Chance to follow-up examinees
response in order to clarify or
comprehend it more clearly
Objective Subjective
Scorer’s personal judgment does not Affected by scorer’s personal
affect the scoring opinions, biases and judgments
Effect of Biases Worded that only one answer is Several answers are possible
acceptable Possible to disagreement on what is
Little or no disagreement on what is the correct answer
the correct answer
Main Point of Type of Tests
Comparison
Power Speed
Time and level Consists of series of items Consists of items approximately equal
arranged in increasing difficulty in difficulty
of Difficulty Measures student’s ability to Measure’s student’s speed or rate and
answer more and more difficult accuracy in responding
items
Selective Supply
There are choices for the There are no choices for the answer
answer Short answer, Completion, Restricted
Format Multiple choice, True-False, or Extended Essay
Matching type May require a longer time to answer
Can be answered quickly Less chance to guessing but prone to
Prone to guessing bluffing
Time consuming to construct Time consuming to answer and score
217. Which error do teachers commit when they
tend to overrate the achievement of students
identified by aptitude tests as gifted because they
expect achievement and giftedness to go
together?
A. Generosity error
B. Central Tendency error
C. Severity Error
D. Logical Error
Types of Teacher Biases
• Generosity Error – committed when a teacher overrates the performance
of the students or favors the high performing
students in the class
- higher ratings
• Severity Error – when the teacher favors the low performing student in the
class
- underrate the quality of student’s work
• Central Tendency Error – tendency of teachers to view everything as being
“in the middle of the scale”
• Halo Effect - committed when judging individual characteristics in terms of
general impression
218. With the mode of answering as point of
reference, which of the following types of test does
not belong to the group?
A. Problem-solving
B. Matching type
C. Completion
D. Essay
219. With manner of answering as criterion,
which of the following types of test does not
belong to the group?
A. Multiple Choice
B. True-False
C. Matching Type
D. Completion
220. The strongest disadvantage of the
alternate-response type of test is ______.
A. I, II and III
B. III only
C. I, III and IV
D. II and III
Here is a matching type of test.
Col I Col II
1. Noun a. Denotes action or being
2. Pronoun b. Describes a noun or pronoun
3. Short “a” Sound c. Man
4. Sentence d. Name of person, place or
5. Verb thing
6. Adjective e. Takes the place of a noun
7. Past tense of think f. Expresses a complete
8. Paragraph thought
9. Period g. Asks a question
h. Made up of sentences
10. Interrogative sentence
i. End punctuation mark of a
declarative sentence
225. What is wrong with the test?
A.There is no distracter
B. There are too many distracters.
C. The sentences vary in length.
D. There is a foil.
226. Are the items in proper column?
A.No
B. Yes
C. Somewhat
D. Where to put the items is the teacher’s choice
227. How can you improve the test?
A. Yes
B. Yes, they are all lessons in English
C. No
D. Only for 3 items
229. Can the items be answered by a
process of elimination?
A. Yes
B. No
C. Maybe
D. Only for the last 3 items
230. What is/are wrong with the test items?
I. The items are heterogeneous
II. The test can be answered by mere process of
elimination
III. It has no foil
IV. The items are placed in the wrong columns.
A. No. 10
B. No. 11 and 13
C. No. 12
D. No. 14
234. Which of the following item above
should be revised from his pool of items?
A. No. 10
B. No. 11 and 13
C. No. 12
D. No. 14
235. Which of the following item above
should be discarded from his pool if items?
A. No. 10
B. No. 11 and 13
C. No. 12 only
D. No. 12 and 14
ITEM ANALYSIS
• Refers to the process of examining the students response to each
item in the test.
• There are two characteristics of an item
- Desirable Items – retained for subsequent use
- Undesirable Items – revised or rejected
ITEM 10 A B C D DV DI ACTION
Upper
3 0 8 4 1
25%
1 0.26 0.23 revise
Lower
3 2 5 4 2
25%
ITEM 10 A B C D DV DI ACTION
Upper
3 4 6 1 2
25%
2 0.14 0.08 reject
Lower
3 3 5 3 2
25%
A. Positive Discrimination - if the proportion of students who got
an item right in the UPPER GROUP is GREATER THAN the LOWER
GROUP.
A. Mode
B. Median
C. Median and Mode
D. Mean, Median and Mode
237. In a normal distribution, which of the following
statement below is TRUE?
A. The mean and median are equal but not equal
to mode.
B. There are more scores at the upper end of the
distribution.
C. There are more scores at the lower portion of
the distribution.
D. More students got with average scores and few
with low and high scores.
238. Mr. Charcos, an elementary in Science,
administered a quarterly assessment for his grade 6
science in two sections. The mean of Sections A and
B are 25 respectively. The standard deviation of A is
1.25 while B is 3. Which of the two sections is more
dispersed?
A. Section A
B. Section B
C. Both A and B
D. Can’t be determined
239. Which of the following groups of score
distribution is the most spread?
A. sd =2.5
B. sd =2.75
C. sd =3.00
D. sd =3.25
240. In a normal distribution curve, what does a T-
score of 40 mean?
A. 1-3 C. 1-5
B. 1-4 D. K-3
242. RA 10533 is also known as ______________.
2002 BEC
K-12
Mandatory Kindergarten
6 years ELEMENTARY
A. Grade 9 C. Grade 11
B. Grade 10 D. Grade 12
Significant Features of K-12
Mandatory Kindergarten
•Learning Domains
• Values Development VALUES EDUCATION AND
SOCIAL STUDIES
• Socio-emotional Development
• Understanding Physical and Natural Environment SCIENCE
• Mathematics MATHEMATICS
TRACKS
A. ACADEMIC TRACK
C. SPORTS TRACKS
D. ARTS and DESIGN
A. I and V
B. I, II and III
C. I and II
D. I, II and IV
52. What legal basis is the Policy Guidelines on
Classroom Assessment for the K-12 Basic Education
anchored?
What can you infer from the School A’s grading system?
A. I and IV
B. II and III
C. III and IV
D. I and II
LEVELS OF ASSESSMENT
DepEd Order No. 31, s. 2012
QUARTERLY 1. Synthesize all the learning skills, concepts and values Once at the end of the quarter
ASSESSMENT (QA) learned in an entire quarter.
What is the grading system?
A. Developing
B. Approaching Proficiency
C. Beginning
D. Advanced
57. Under which level of proficiency is a student who
possesses the minimum knowledge, skills and core
understanding but needs help throughout the
performance of his/her tasks?
A.Developing
B. Approaching Proficiency
C. Beginning
D.Advanced
How is the learner’s progress reported?
Outstanding
90-100 Passed
Very Satisfactory 85-89 Passed
Satisfactory
80-84 Passed
Fairly Satisfactory
75-59 Passed
Did Not Meet Expectations
Below 75 Failed
• When learner’s raw scores are consistently below
expectations in Written Work and Performance Tasks, the
learner’s parents or guardians must be informed not later
than the fifth week of that quarter. This will enable them to
help and guide their child to improve and prepare for the
Quarterly Assessment. A learner who receives a grade
below 75 in any subject in a quarter must be given
intervention through remediation and extra lessons from
the teacher/s of that subject.
58. Based on an averaging grading system what will be
the final grade of Student M when his grades in the 4
st
grading periods are as follows: 1 Grading – 80 2 nd
A. 80
B. 81
C. 82
D. 83
59. Based on the computed grade, what is the level
of proficiency of student M?
A.Developing
B. Approaching in Proficiency
C. Beginning
D.Advanced
60. Tricia is a Science teacher in a Laboratory Elementary
School. What initial grade would she give to Janus whose
total scores for each components listed: Written works -
78 out of 95; performance tasks – 58 out of 85; quarterly
assessment – 68 out of 80?
A. 68.00
B. 77.14
C. 78.46
D. 88.00
61. The Department of Education’s new grading system
adopts the following criteria for Araling Panlipunan:
Written wroks-30%; performance tasks – 50%; quarterly
assessment – 20%. What does this suggest?
A.82.80
B. 80.82
C. 87.86
D. 86.87
Here is a part of the DepEd’s transmutation table:
88.80-90.39 93
87.20-88.79 92
85.60-87.19 91
84.00-85.59 90
A.80
B. 85
C. 83
D.86
68. Will John’s grade in the Report Card be 83?
A. Yes
B. No
C. The grade will be transmuted using DepEd’s
transmutation table.
D. The grade will be averaged with the previous
grade.
69. What will be Hanna’s weighted grade in Math with
the following grades: written test -80; performance
tests- 90 and quarterly test – 70.
A. 82
B. 84
C. 83
D. 85
70. What will be Eric’s weighted grade in TLE with the
following grades: written test -80; performance tests- 90
and quarterly test – 70.
A.82
B. 84
C. 83
D.85
TABLE 2. Weighted Components for Grades 1 to 10
Written Work
30% 40% 20%
Grades
1 to 10 Performance
Task 50% 40% 60%
Quarterly
Assessment 20% 20% 20%
TABLE 3. Weighted Components for Grades 11 to 12 (SHS)
TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL and
CORE
COMPONENTS ACADEMIC TRACK LIVELIHOOD (TVL)/Sports/Arts and
SUBJECTS
Design Track
Work
Immersion/Research/ Work
All other All other
Business Enterprise Immersion/Research/
subjects subjects
Simulation/Exhibit/ Exhibit/Performance
For Grades 11 to Performance
12
Performance
50% 45% 40% 60%
Task
Quarterly
25% 30% 25% 20%
Assessment
TABLE 4. STEPS FOR COMPUTING GRADES
Table 2 and 3.
For MAPEH, individual grades are given to each area, namely, MUSIC, ARTS,
PHYSICAL EDUCATION and HEALTH. The quarterly grade for MAPEH is the average
of the quarterly grades in the four areas.
Quarterly Grade (QG) = QG for Music + QG for Art+ QG for PE + QG for Health
For MAPEH 4
The General Average is computed by dividing the sum of all final grades by the
total number of learning areas. Each learning area has equal weight.
Final Grade by = 1st quarter grade + 2nd quarter grade + 3rd quarter grade + 4th quarter grade
Learning Area 4
The Final Grade in each learning area and the
General Average are reported as whole
numbers. Table 5 shows an example of the
Final Grades of the different learning areas
and General Average of Grade 4 student.
TABLE 5. Final Grade and General Average of Grade 4 student
Quarter
Learning Area Final Grade
1 2 3 4
FILIPINO 80 89 86 84 85
ENGLISH 89 90 92 87 90
MATHEMATICS 82 85 83 83 83
SCIENCE 86 87 85 84 86
ARALING
90 92 91 89 91
PANLIPUNAN
EDUKASYON SA
89 93 90 88 90
PAGPAPAKATAO
EDUKASYONG
PANTAHANAN AT 80 81 84 79 81
PANGKABUHAYAN
MAPEH 85 86 85 84 85
GENERAL AVERAGE 86
TABLE 6. Grade 11, 2nd Semester of ABM strand
QUARTER SECOND SEMESTER
SUBJECTS
3 4 FINAL GRADE
Core Subjects
Reading and Writing Skills 80 83 82
Pagbasa at Pagsusuri ng Iba’t
Ibang Teksto tungo sa 86 85 86
Pananaliksik
Statistics and Probability 82 87 85
Physical Science 88 87 88
Physical Education and Health 90 88 89
Applied and Specialized Subjects
Empowerment Technologies:
80 83 82
ICT for Professional Tracks
Business Math 87 86 87
Organizational and
85 81 83
Management
Fundamentals of Accounting,
84 81 83
Business and Management 1
GENERAL AVERAGE for the SEMESTER 85
•How are learners promoted or retained at the end of the school year?
Learning Areas Final Grade Remedial Class Mark Recomputed Final Grade
• Maka-Diyos
• Makatao
• Maka-kalikasan
• Makabansa
MARKING NON-NUMERICAL RATING
AO Always Observed
SO Sometimes Observed
RO Rarely Observed
NO Not Observed
48. When is a learner retained in the same
grade level?
A.10%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 40%
52. How is the Recomputed Final Grade computed?
C. Recomputed Final Grade = 1st quarter grade + 2nd quarter grade + 3rd quarter grade + 4th quarter grade x 100
4
A.Knowledge
B. Process/Skills
C. Understanding
D. Products or Performance
Authentic Assessment
Guidelines:
1. Observe not only one but all the students
2. Must be as frequent and as regular as possible.
3. Must be recorded in writing.
4. Should cover both routine and exceptional occurrences.
5. Reliability of observation records is enhanced if multiple observations
are gathered and synthesized.
A. Developmental Checklist – an observation tool that requires the teacher
recorder to describe the traits or learning behaviors being assessed.
Types of Portfolio
1. Documentation or Working Portfolio
• To highlight development and improvement over time.
• Showcase the process of learning by including full progression of
project development.
• Often involves a range of artifacts from brainstormed lists to rough
drafts to finished products
2. Process Portfolio
• To document all stages of the learning process
• It also includes samples of student work throughout the entire
educational progression.
• It expands on the information in a documentation portfolio by
integrating reflections and HOTS.
• It includes documentation of reflection such as learning logs, journals or
documented discussions.
A. Oral questioning
• Assess the student’s stock knowledge
• Determine the student’s ability to communicate ideas in coherent verbal
sentences
A.87
B.88
C.89
D.90
32. Based on the transmuted grade, what is the
level of proficiency of John?
A.Developing
B. Proficient
C. Beginning
D.Advanced
33. What would be Hanna’s grade in Math?
A.87
B. 88
C. 89
D. 90
34. Based on the transmuted grade, what is the
level of proficiency of Hanna?
A.Developing
B. Proficient
C. Beginning
D.Advanced
35. What would be Eric’s grade in TLE?
A.87
B. 88
C. 89
D.90
36. Based on the transmuted grade, what is the
level of proficiency of Eric?
A.Developing
B. Proficient
C. Beginning
D.Advanced
37. Which will be John’s English grade description?
A.Outstanding
B. Satisfactory
C. Very Satisfactory
D. Fairly Satisfactory
38. Which will be Hanna’s Math grade
description?
A.Outstanding
B. Satisfactory
C. Very Satisfactory
D. Fairly Satisfactory
39. Which will be Eric’s Math grade description?
A.Outstanding
B. Satisfactory
C. Very Satisfactory
D. Fairly Satisfactory
40. What does DepEd consider most significant
aspect in grade giving for Grades 11-12?
A. Thrust
B. Dangle
C. Flip-flop
D. Stimulus-bound
253. The following verbs belong to
“analysis” level EXCEPT ________.
A. Compare
B. Differentiate
C. Separate
D. Judge
254. How do you call a classroom management
composed of coping strategies used by effective
teachers to stop misbehavior without disrupting the
flow of the lesson?
A. Low-profile
B. High-profile
C. Preventive
D. Disruptive
255. It is a grouping strategy in which the members of the class
organized into groups. The students are then reorganized into
“expert” groups containing one member from each group. The
members of the expert group work together to learn the material
or solve the problem, then return to their original groups to
share their meaning.
A. Huddle Method
B. Phillips 66
C. Clark 22
D. Jigsaw
256. Which of the following is the lowest level
of affective behavior, according to Krathwohl?
A. Responding
B. Organization
C. Valuing
D. Characterization
257. This type of power is manifested by a teacher
when he shows his students his vast knowledge of
a subject matter.
A. Philosophical power
B. Expert power
C. Legitimate power
D. Referent power
258. Which type of questioning does Mr.
Adona use when he does follow-up
questioning in order to elicit more from his
students and make them think more critically?
A. Probing
B. Leading
C. Guiding
D. Investigating
259. From among the following skills below, which
is the highest in terms of level according to Bloom’s
Cognitive Taxonomy?
A.Integration
B. Literal comprehension
C. Critical comprehension
D.Critical evaluation
260. Edgar Dale’s Cone of Experiences
refers to this as an experience that is
almost the same as the actual one?
A.Viewing images
B. Hearing and listening
C. Attending exhibits
D.Watching demonstrations
261. Which of the following types of
questions limit students’ ability to think
creatively and critically?
A.Open-ended questions
B.Divergent questions
C.Probing questions
D.Closed-ended questions
262. Effective classroom managers must be
friendly and at the same time ____.
A.Highly demanding
B. Business-like’
C. Mean
D.Kind
263. The task analysis model lesson
organization must be arranged in one of
these sequences.
A.Grade 10
B.Grade 12
C.After Grade 10
D.After Grade 12
266. It usually stored in the main office or guidance
office where you can find the information about
subject grade, standardized test scores, family
background, personal history etc. of a student?
A.Anecdotal Record
B. Developmental Record
C. Cumulative Record
D.Attendance
267. How does the saying “A stitch on time
saves nine” apply to classroom management?
A.Jacob Kounin
B.Lorin Anderson
C.Kurt Koffka
D.Wolfgang Kohler
271. Teacher Aljon is not yet finished discussing the
topic about noun. The next day, his students were
surprised when she proceed to discuss a new topic
about verb wherein fact he has not completed
explaining the first topic. This event is an example of
___________.
A.Thrust
B.Dangle
C.Flip-flop
D.Stimulus-bound
272. Which among the following keys towards
effective classroom management refers to the
teacher’s ability to keep the classroom running
in an organized fashion.
A.Smoothness
B.Overlapping
C.Momentum
D.Withitness
273. Teacher Bob went from one topic or activity to
other topics. He discussed a lesson then inserted
an unrelated topic from a previous lesson. This act
of Teacher Bob is an example of __________.
A.Thrust
B.Dangle
C.Flip-flop
D.Stimulus-bound
274. Teacher Alexa, an experience teacher, has
the ability to keep all students actively
participating in her lesson. This ability of
Teacher Alexa is also known as ___________.
A.Group focus
B.Overlapping
C.Stimulus-bound
D.Withitness
275. To instill nationalistic pride among the youth,
history teachers like Mr. Samentar, Mrs. Cruz, Mr.
Alaban and Mr. Duplo should encourage their students
to do one of these?
A. Study current events especially national issues
B. Re-study the history and stress on Filipinos’ achievements as
a united race
C. Replace the study of folklores and myths with technical
subjects that make youths globally competitive and
competent
D. Re-study the history of the Philippines from the perspective
of colonizers
276. The DepEd proposed the stand-alone
schools in some far-flung areas must be
managed be lead schools. What is the leading
factor behind this proposal?
A.Geographical
B.Social
C.Historical
D.Psychological
277. Teachers who promote psychosocial development in the classroom create
an environment where each child feels appreciated and is comfortable with
learning new things and building relationships with peers without fear. How does
the teacher create this environment?
A.Educational Service
B. Contracting Grant
C. Voucher Program
D.Scholarship Program
280. Which program was adopted to provide
universal access to basic education to
eradicate illiteracy?
A.Curriculum indigenization
B.Computer assisted instruction
C.Multi level instruction
D.Self evaluation
282. The strengthening of liberal education
which includes classical literature in the
curriculum is based on the thought of the
A.Rationalists
B.Hedonists
C.Humanists
D.stoics
283. In what way can teachers uphold the
highest possible standards of quality
education?
A. By working out undeserved promotions.
B. By putting down other professions to lift the status of
teaching
C. Wearing expensive clothes to change people’s poor
perception of teachers
D. By continually improving themselves personally and
professionally
284. A teacher felt humiliated when one of his students
told him in front of the class that the example he gave is
wrong. The teacher gave the student a low grade in
despite of the student having excellent performance.
Which trait is illustrated by the teacher?
A.Kanya-kanya syndrome
B. Extreme Personalism
C. Lack of discipline
D.Lack of self-reflection
285. Based on RA 9155, being an
administrative manager is one of the two roles
of a school head. What is the other one?
A.Guidance counselor
B.Health officer
C.Instructional leader
D.Facilitator of learning
286. Which of the following could lead to the revocation of a
professional license?
A.CHED
B.DepEd
C.BESRA
D.TESDA
288. The PPST was based on what order?
A.35
B.36
C.37
D.38
290. What does PPST stands for?
A.6
B.8
C.10
D.12
293. Kindergarten Law is also known
as _____.
A.RA 4670
B.RA 10157
C.RA 10533
D.RA 9293
294. According to Batas Pambansa Blg. 232,
the following are the rights of school EXCEPT
for _____.
A.Right for basic education to determine subjects
of study
B. Right to provide for the proper governance
C. Right to enforce administrative systems
D.Right for institutions of higher learning to
determine academic grounds for admission
295. Pia took the LET last March 2019.
Unfortunately, she failed in the examination. Is
she qualified for the position of para-teachers?
A.No
B.Yes, if her LET rating is 71-74
C.Yes, if her LET rating is below 75
D.Yes, if her LET rating is 70-74
296. The Licensure Examination for Teachers
(LET) comes to existence because of what
Republic Act?
A.RA 1006
B.RA 10157
C.RA 7836
D.RA 9293
297. According to RA 10533, the following are
some of the features of the “Enhanced Basic
Education Act of 2013” EXCEPT for ______.
A.Vocation
B.Mission
C.Profession
D.Occupation
300. Teacher should go through continuing
professional education.
A.Vocation
B.Mission
C.Profession
D.Occupation
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