Comparison

of Five
Business
Philosophies
Briz, Ria Jsane
Buñi, Vicente III
Cervales, Mariann
Diaz, Rose
Vidal, Carmela Ysahbelle

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BUSINESS
PHILOSOPHIES

•Machiavellianism
•Objectivism
•Social Darwinism
•Ethical Relativism
•Universalism

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Ethics
are basically frameworks for human
conduct that relate to moral principles
and attempt to distinguish right from
wrong.

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Machiavellism
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MACHIAVELLISM

"the employment of cunning and

duplicity in statecraft or in general
conduct"

View others as naive about the real

world and reject conventional moral
standards in their emotionally
detached pursuit of selfish ends.

opportunistic with detractors and

realistic with admirers

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Objectivism
Business
Philosophies

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OBJECTIVISM
business in this view is the only
moral system precisely because it is
pragmatic and based on an objective
theory of values that rewards
dispassionate rationality and
economic individualism.

in this view, evil individuals are those

who survive as parasites living off of
others.

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Social Darwinism
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DARWINISM
the business system is based on
survival, profit maximization,
competition, self-interest, and the
ability to cope with economic
inevitabilities

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Ethical Relativism
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RELATIVISM
Moral good means conforming to
the way things are in a given time
and place. The conventional morality
justifies the "common accepted
practice" argument in business.

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Universalism
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UNIVERSALISM
“all others to act as we do only if we are
also prepared to be treated in the same
way under like circustances”

all interdependent parties must follow

predetermined rules of obedience,
loyalty, respect, and hard work so as to
optimize their mutual benefit.

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 Business values based on motives
Consequential Non-
(Ends) Consequential
(Means)
Self Machiavellism Darwinian/ Objectivism

(Egoism) •Expediency •Self-interest

•Ends justify the means •Survival of the fittest

Society Universality Ethical Relativism

(Utilirian) •Categorical imperative •Depends on time and place

•“Golden Rule” •Convention

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