I.

Types of digestive system

A. Incomplete Digestive System
B. Complete Digestive System
II. Digestion
A. Phases of digestion
B. Types of digestion
III. Digestive system organization
A. GI Tract
B. Accessory Organs
\dī-ˈjes-chən, də-, -ˈjesh-\
- the process of making food
absorbable by dissolving it and
breaking it down into simpler
chemical compounds that occurs
in the living body chiefly through
the action of enzymes secreted
into the digestive tract
PHASES OF DIGESTION
INGESTION

MOVEMENT

MECHANICAL (Physical)Digestion

• chew, tear, grind, mash, mix

CHEMICAL Digestion

• Digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and lipids

ABSORPTION

ELIMINATION
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
ORGANIZATION
TONGUE
• Widely used for capturing food
• Mucosa of the tongue contains
receptors for taste and other stimuli.
• Various kinds of papillae may be
found which may or may not be
associated with taste buds. Among
the most common in mammals are
filliform, fungiform, foliate, and
circumvalate papillae.
TONGUE
TONGUE
TONGUE
• FILIFORM – small, conical
projections making up the greater
part of the surface of the tongue.
• FUNGIFORM – mushroom shaped
structures scattered over the surface
of the tongue.
• FOLIATE – broad and leaflike,
situated near the base of the tongue
• CIRCUMVALATE – are large but
few in number
TEETH
• Used to cut, grind, or crush food, to hold or
capture prey or as a defense mechanism
• Besides being essential for chewing, the
teeth play an important role in speech.
• A dermal or true teeth consists of the
following parts:
 Enamel
 Dentin
 Pulp
 Cementum
 Periodontal ligament
TEETH
SALIVARY GLANDS
• Produce saliva, which keeps the
mouth and other parts of the
digestive system moist.
• Also helps break down
carbohydrates
• Lubricates the passage of food
down from the oro-pharynx to
the esophagus to the stomach.
PHARYNX
• Part of the digestive tract that is
directly continuous with the mouth.
• Serves as passageway between the
mouth and esophagus
• The most important features of
pharynx are the
• Glottis
• Opening of the esophagus
• Epiglottis
PHARYNX
• The pharynx of the adult mammal
consists of nasopharynx,
oropharynx and laryngopharynx
GLOTTIS VS.
EPIGLOTTIS
ESOPHAGUS
• It is a distensible, muscular tube, shortest
in neckless vertebrates, connecting the
pharynx with the stomach.
• Approximately 10” long
• Functions include:
• Secrete mucus
• Moves food from the throat to the
stomach using muscle movement
called peristalsis
• If acid from the stomach gets in here
that’s heartburn.
ESOPHAGUS
STOMACH
• J-shaped muscular bag that stores the
food you eat, breaks it down into tiny
pieces.
• Mixes food with digestive juices that
contain enzymes to break down proteins
and lipids.
• Also secretes digestive enzymes that
partially liquefy food before injection into
the small intestine.
STOMACH
• In birds, the stomach is often divided into
proventriculus and gizzard.
 Proventriculus – secretes digestive
enzyme
 Gizzard – converts food into mash
• Mammalian stomach consists of the
rumen, reticulum, omasum and
abomasums.
STOMACH
SMALL INTESTINE
• Roughly 7 meters long
• Lining of intestine walls has finger-
like projections called villi
• Nutrients from the food pass into the
bloodstream through the small
intestine walls. Absorbs:
 80% ingested water
 Vitamins
 Minerals
 Carbohydrates
 Proteins
 Lipids

• Secretes digestive enzymes

SMALL INTESTINE
• Has three parts
LARGE INTESTINE
• About 5 feet long
• Accepts what small intestines don’t
absorb
• Rectum (short term storage which
holds feces before it is expelled).
• Functions - bacterial digestion,
absorbs more water, and
concentrate wastes
LARGE INTESTINE
• Divided into parts
ACCESSORY
ORGANS
LIVER
• Largest gland in the body
• Its secretion is important in digestion
but its major function is in the
treatment of food material aafter
digestion and absorption into the
body
• Directly affects digestion by
producing bile
GALL BLADDER
• Stores bile from the liver,
releases it into the small
intestine.
• Fatty diets can cause
gallstones
PANCREAS
• Is the second largest of
the digestive gland.
• Produces digestive
enzymes to digest fats,
carbohydrates and
proteins
• Regulates blood sugar
by producing insulin
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Thank you for
listening!