THUMBS UP AND THUMBS DOWN

DIRECTIONS:
• THUMB UP IF YOU THINK THE STATEMENT IS TRUE AND THUMB DOWN IF THE STATEMENT IS FALSE

1 2 3 4 5
QUESTION #1
• THUMB UP IF YOU THINK THE STATEMENT IS TRUE AND THUMB DOWN IF THE STATEMENT IS FALSE

Everyone is a philosopher
 • Everyone is a philosopher, and it’s these personal
philosophical systems that guide our life orientations
and resulting choices. But not everyone is a good
philosopher. By ‘good’ we simply mean having
consciously developed various lines of thought in order
to come to a self-willed understanding of human life
rather than an instilled understanding of human life. -
By Michael Schreiner | december 27, 2014
https://evolutioncounseling.Com/everyone-is-a-
philosopher/

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QUESTION #2
• THUMB UP IF YOU THINK THE STATEMENT IS TRUE AND THUMB DOWN IF THE STATEMENT IS FALSE

Children can philosophize

 • Jean piaget’s (1933 ) well-known theory of cognitive
development suggests that prior to age 11 or 12, most
children are not capable of philosophical thinking.
This is because, he holds, prior to this time, children
are not capable of “thinking about thinking,” the sort
of meta-level thinking that characterizes philosophical
thinking. - Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

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QUESTION #3
• THUMB UP IF YOU THINK THE STATEMENT IS TRUE AND THUMB DOWN IF THE STATEMENT IS FALSE

Questioning leads to philosophizing

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QUESTION #4
• THUMB UP IF YOU THINK THE STATEMENT IS TRUE AND THUMB DOWN IF THE STATEMENT IS FALSE

Mentally disturbed people philosophize

• Friedrich nietzsche -as the man himself once proclaimed, if you
stare too long into the abyss, the abyss will stare back at you.
Friedrich nietzsche’s preoccupation with the will to power and
the death of god may have been what drove him to insanity. One
oft repeated story recounts his collapse in front of a horse after
seeing it being whipped, and certainly, in the late 19th century,
he began to send strange letters detailing imaginary torments.
While the idea of an inquiring mind destroyed by its own
pursuits is appealing, doctors at the time diagnosed him with
tertiary syphilis, and later diagnoses have included manic
depressive illness with periodic psychosis and frontotemporal
dementia. His influence lives on in postmodernist, nihilist and
existentialist schools of philosophy.
• Socrates - commonly recognized as the founder of the western philosophical tradition,
socrates was not shy about mentioning what we might now describe as his mental illness.
This openness is no doubt due to his outspoken belief that madness, when inspired by
the gods, can give man his greatest blessings — such as love, poetry and philosophy
itself. Socrates relied on his “daemonic sign,” or independent voice in his head, to warn
him when he was making a mistake. It was this voice that steered him away from entering
politics.
• Martin heidegger- concentrated his philosophy on the question of “being” with his
book being and time, considered one of the 20th century’s most influential philosophical
works. His membership of the nazi party and professed support for hitler makes his work
and life controversial, and he was banned from teaching in a 1945 denazification hearing.
He suffered a nervous breakdown, and while it might be nice to believe that it was due to
his guilt over his complicity with the nazi regime, it is more likely that his internal turmoil
was fueled by the prospect of losing the university career he had toiled to gain.
• William james -physician, psychologist and philosopher william james is best known for his work on
the philosophy of religion and the philosophy of pragmatism, seeking to discover how one should
act when one does not have knowledge of ultimate truth. Like his siblings (one of whom was the
great novelist henry james) he suffered from various ailments in his youth, both physical and mental.
His mental illness, known at the time as “neurasthenia,” included many separate and severe
depressive periods which lasted for months and during which he considered suicide. However, he
published throughout his life and died of a heart condition in his sixties.
• Søren kierkegaard -considered the grandfather of existentialism, or perhaps the first existentialist,
søren kierkegaard was profoundly critical of the idealist philosophers of his time such as hegel and
schelling. One of his areas of focus was on life as a “single individual,” emphasizing personal
choice and human reality. He regarded depression as a failing, maintaining that the depressed
individual always had “an equal or perhaps greater possibility of the opposite state.” This view is all
the more poignant when you realize that kierkegaard himself, and many of his family members, were
themselves sufferers of deep depression. Kierkegaard is quoted as saying, “my depression is the
most faithful mistress I have known…”

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QUESTION #5
• THUMB UP IF YOU THINK THE STATEMENT IS TRUE AND THUMB DOWN IF THE STATEMENT IS FALSE

There are times that people answer in

non-philosophical ways.
•A philosophical question presents the widest, general point of view.
It asks about the principle behind any judgement. Non-
philosophical questions are more specific. Some questions can be
interpreted either way. You can give a philosophical answer to a
philosophically ambiguous question. For example, “what time is it?”
“Does anyone really know what time it is?” “It depends who you
ask.” The non-phil. Answer might be “12:30” or even, “it depends
where you are.”
 •Non philosophical question: can I go to a party tonight, dad?
•Philosophical response: do you think there is such a thing as free
will?
•Non philosophical dilemma: i don’t know how to make her
interested in me.
•Philosophical response: should we have to “make” someone
interested in us? Wouldn’t it be healthier to date people who
already are?

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 1+1=0
What do you observe in the equation?
Do you think it’s correct? Why or why not?
 OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson you will be able to:
•Identify the 3 level of inquiry.
•Recognize human activities that emanated from
deliberate reflection.
 GROUP ACTIVITY

SITUATION #1
SITUATION #2 SITUATION #3
 SITUATION 1 SITUATION #1

•There was an airplane crash, every

single person on board died, but yet
two people survived. How is this
possible?

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 SITUATION 2
SITUATION #2

•What goes up and never comes down?

BACK
 SITUATION 3
SITUATION #3

•Imagine you are in a sinking row

boat surrounded by sharks. What
will you do?

BACK
•What strategies or ways did
you use to answer the
questions?
 3 LEVELS OF INQUIRIES

1.Common sense
2.Scientific
3.Philosophical
Common sense
•a basic ability to perceive,
understand, and judge things that are
shared by (common to) nearly all
people without need for debate.
Scientific
- based on or characterized
by the methods and
principles of science.
Philosophical
-relating or devoted to the
study of the fundamental nature
of knowledge, reality and
existence.
 WORD WEB MAP

•WRITE ASSOCIATED WORDS OR

PHRASES ABOUT PHILOSOPHY

In what situations do you apply

philosophical inquiries?
 COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITY
•WHAT DO YOU USUALLY THINK WHENEVER YOU
EXPERIENCE EMOTIONAL PAIN? PROBLEMS?
SUFFERINGS?
“ALL MEN BY NATURE DESIRE TO
KNOW.” – ARISTOTLE
•WONDER Why is there a
need to

•DOUBT philosophize?

•LIMITING SITUATIONS
•EXPERIENCE
 BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
•AESTHETICS
•LOGIC
•EPISTEMOLOGY
•ETHICS
•METAPHYSICS
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Philosophy/Th
e_Branches_of_Philosophy
 OTHER BRANCHES
• PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
• PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY
• PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE
• PHILOSOPHY OF LAW
• PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS
• PHILOSOPHY OF MIND
• PHILOSOPHY OF POLITICS
• PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION
• PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Philosophy/Th
e_Branches_of_Philosophy
 AESTHETICS
•A branch of philosophy that explores
the creation and appreciation of beauty
through critical analysis and reflection.
 LOGIC

•The study of correct

reasoning
 EPISTEMOLOGY
•The theory of knowledge, from the Greek words
episteme (knowledge) and logos
(word/speech/study), is the branch of philosophy
that deals with the nature, origin, scope and
(possibility/study) of knowledge.
 ETHICS
•General term for what is often
described as the "science (study)
of morality“.
 METAPHYSICS
•The study of the most general aspects of reality,
pertaining to subjects such as substance,
identity, the nature of the mind, and free will.
•It is a study of nature and the nature of the world
in which humans live.
 OTHER BRANCHES
• PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION - Concerned with what is the correct way to educate a
person
• PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY - Philosophical study of history
• PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE - Concerned with how our languages affect our thought
• PHILOSOPHY OF LAW - Jurisprudence
• PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS - Concerned with issues such as, the nature of the
axioms and symbols (numbers, triangle, operands) of mathematics that we use to
understand the world, do perfect mathematical forms exist in the real world, and so
on.
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Philosophy/Th
e_Branches_of_Philosophy
 OTHER BRANCHES
• PHILOSOPHY OF MIND - Study of the mind, attempting to ascertain exactly what the mind is,
how it interacts with our body, do other minds exist, how does it work, and so on
• PHILOSOPHY OF POLITICS - This is a study of government and nations, particularly how they
came about, what makes good governments, what obligations citizens have towards their
government, and so on
• PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION - Theology is concerned with the study of god, recommending the
best religious practices, how our religion should shape our life, and so on
• PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE - It is the study of science concerned with whether scientific
knowledge can be said to be certain, how we obtain it, can science really explain
everything, does causation really exist, can every event in the universe be described in
terms of physics and so on
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Philosophy/Th
e_Branches_of_Philosophy
 GREEK PHILOSOPHERS
• PYTHAGORAS
• HERACLITUS
• DEMOCRITUS
• DIOGENES OF SINOPE
• EPICURUS
• SOCRATES
• PLATO
• ARISTOTLE
•A mathematician and Do not say a little in
many words but a
scientist, he was credited great deal in a few.
– Pythagoras
with formulating the
Pythagorean theorem.

PYTHAGORAS
•He proposed that everything that No man ever
steps in the
exists is based on a higher order same river
twice
or plan which he called logos.
•For him, change is a permanent
aspect of the human condition.

HERACLITUS
•He devoted himself to the study of It is greed to
do all the
talking but
the causes of natural phenomena. not to want to

•He was among the first to

listen at all.

propose that matter is composed

of tiny particles called atoms.

DEMOCRITUS
•He was known advocate
The foundation
of every state is
the education

living a simple and of its youth.

virtuous life.

DIOGENES OF SINOPE
•He believed that Do not spoil what you have
by desiring what you have
not; remember that what

philosophy could enable

you now have was once
among the things you only
hoped for.

man to live a life of

happiness.
EPICURUS
•Credited as one of the founders of Strong minds discuss
ideas, average minds
Western philosophy, and as being the first discuss events, weak
minds discuss
moral philosopher, of the Western ethical people.
tradition of thought.
•He believed that philosophy could enable
a man to live a life of virtue.

SOCRATES
•His most significant ideas Good actions give
included his Theory of Forms – strength to
ourselves and
which proposes that everything inspire good
actions in others
that exists is based on an idea are
eternal and unchanging.
•Known for his dialectic
PLATO
•For him, all ideas and views The whole is
are based on perception and more than the
sum of its parts.
our reality is based on what we
can sense and perceive.

ARISTOTLE
•The father of Western Philosophy
•For him the underlying substance The most difficult
thing in life is to
that reality is made of must be know yourself.

water because water is

everywhere.

THALES
 EASTERN PHILOSOPHERS
• LAO TZU
• SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA
• CONFUCIUS
• RUMI
• SUN TZU
• MULLA SADRA
• MAO ZEDONG
• GURU NANAK DEV
 FRAMEWORKS

•Way of thinking about the

world and is composed of views
and beliefs of a person.
 INTERNAL QUESTIONS

•Which can be addressed using

our own personal frameworks.
 EXTERNAL QUESTIONS

•Seek to question the very

framework upon which people
base their own beliefs and views.
 PRACTICAL USES OF PHILOSOPHY
•Enables a person to engage in critical analysis and
interpretation of concepts, definitions, arguments
and problems.
•Improves problem – solving and decision making.
•Trains to be very clear and precise about our
thoughts and sentiments
•Contribute to self-development.
 GROUP ACTIVITY
•You heard that one of your friends was hurt in a
fight with some students from a nearby school.
Your other friends approach you saying that
they want you to got with them after the class to
look for the students who hurt your friend.