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Central Angles
Central Angle and Arcs
A minor arc is an arc of the circle that measures less than a semicircle.
It is named usually by using the two endpoints of the arc.
The measure of an arc formed by two adjacent arcs is the sum of the
measures of the two arcs.
Sector and Segment of a Circle
A sector of a circle is the region bounded by an arc of the circle and two
radii to the endpoints of the arc.
To find the the area of a sector of a circle, get the product of the ratio
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑐
and the area of the circle (A=𝜋𝑟 2 ).
360
Sector and Segment of a Circle
An arc of a circle measures 90°. If the radius of the circle is 10 cm, what
is the length of the arc? (To be answered by B5)
A radius of the circle is 16 cm. If the arc of the circle measure 35°, what
is the length of the arc? (To be answered by G10)
Answer p155-p156
Activity 11: Find This Part
5 points – Solution with correct answer
2 points – Solution with wrong answer
1 point – Final answer only
0 – No answer
Inscribed Angles and Intercepted Arcs
A
2.)If two inscribed angles of a congruent circles intercept congruent
arcs or the same arc, then the angles are congruent.
O
I L P
T
S
E
M I L
P
3.)If an inscribed angle of a circle intercepts a semicircle, then the angle
is a right angle.
N
S
O
T
E
4.)If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle, then its opposite angles are
supplementary.
𝑚∠𝑅𝐷𝐴 + 𝑚∠𝑅𝐸𝐴 = 180
𝑚∠𝐷𝑅𝐸 + 𝑚∠𝐷𝐴𝐸 = 180
D
M R
A
E
Tangents and Secants of a Circle
Tangent Line
A tangent to a circle is a line coplanar with the circle and intersects it in
one and only one point. The point of instersection of the line and the
circle is called the point of tangency.
Tangents and Secants of a Circle
Common Tangent
- A common tangent is a line that is tangent to two circles in the same
plane.
1. Common Internal Tangents – intersect the segment joining the
centers of two circles.
2. Common External Tangents – do not intersect the segment joining
the centers of the two circles.
Tangents and Secants of a Circle
Secant Line
A secant is a line that intersects a circle at exactly two points. A secant
contains a chord of a circle.
Tangents and Secants of a Circle
N P
1
𝑚∠𝑋𝑃𝑌 = 𝑚𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑋𝑌 − 𝑚𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑀𝑁
2
X M If mArcXY=140 and mArcMN=30, then
1
𝑚∠𝑋𝑃𝑌 = 140 − 30
2
1
= 110
2
Y 𝑚∠𝑋𝑃𝑌 = 55
Tangents and Secants of a Circle
2.)If a secant and a tangent intersect in the extetior of a circle, then the measure of the angle
formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures of the intercepted arcs.
L M 1
𝑚∠𝐿𝑀𝐶 = 𝑚𝐴𝑟𝑐𝐿𝐸𝐶 − 𝑚𝐴𝑟𝑐𝐿𝐺
2
G
For example, if mArcLEC=186 and
mArcLG=70, then
1
𝑚∠𝐿𝑀𝐶 = 186 − 70
2
1
E = 116
2
𝑚∠𝐿𝑀𝐶 = 58
C
Tangents and Secants of a Circle
3.)If two tangents intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the angle formed is
one-half the positive difference of the measures of the intercepted arcs.
H Q
1
𝑚∠𝐾𝑄𝐻 = 𝑚𝐴𝑟𝑐𝐻𝐽𝐾 − 𝑚𝐴𝑟𝑐𝐻𝐾
2
For example, mArcHJK=250
and mArcHK=110,then
K 1
𝑚∠𝐾𝑄𝐻 = 250 − 110
2
1
= 140
J 2
𝑚∠𝐾𝑄𝐻 = 70
Tangents and Secants of a Circle
4.)If two secants intersect in the interior of a circle, then the measure of an angle formed is
one-half the sum of the measure of the arcs intercepted by the angle and its vertical angle.
1 1
𝑚∠2 = 𝑚𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑊𝑋 + 𝑚𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑅𝑆 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑊𝑅 + 𝑚𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑋𝑆
2
For example, if mArcWX=80 W 2
For example, if mArcWR=100 and
And mArcRS=60, then R mARcXS=120, then
1 1 1
𝑚∠2 = 80 + 160 2 𝑚∠1 = 100 + 120
2 2
1 1
= 140 S = 220
2 2
X 𝑚∠1 = 110
𝑚∠2 = 70
Tangents and Secants of a Circle
5.)If a secant and a tangent intersect at the point of tangency, then the measure of each
angle formed is one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.
1 1
𝑚∠𝑄𝑆𝑊 = 𝑚𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑄𝑇𝑆
𝑚∠𝑄𝑆𝑅 = 𝑚𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑄𝑆
2 Q 2
W
Probability
𝑛(𝐸𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)
𝑃 𝐸𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 =
𝑛(𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒)
𝑛(𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠) 1
𝑃 𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 = =
𝑛(𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒) 52
Probability
Postulates of Probability
The following are the basic postulates of probability.
i. For every event A of a sample space S , 0 ≤ 𝑃(𝐴) ≤ 1
ii. If event A equals the sample space S, then 𝑃 𝐴 =𝑃 𝑆 =1
iii. If events A and B are subsets of S and have no elements in
common, then 𝑃 𝐴∪𝐵 =𝑃 𝐴 +𝑃 𝐵
Probability
Event A: The list of outcomes of getting two 4’s in rolling three dice:
{(144),(244),(344),(544),(644),(441),(442),(443),(445),(446),(414),(424),(434),(454),(464)}
𝑛(𝐴) 15
n(A)=15 𝑃 𝐴 = =
𝑛(𝑆) 216
Probability
Event B: There is only one way of getting three 4’s in rolling a three
dice, that is {(444)}.
𝑛(𝐵) 1
𝑃 𝐵 = =
𝑛(𝑆) 216
Therefore, the probability of getting at least two 4’s is
𝑃 𝐴∪𝐵 =𝑃 𝐴 +𝑃 𝐵
15 1
= +
216 216
16 2
= =
216 27
Probability
Complement of a Set
A’ is called the complement of A with respect to a set S if
i. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐴′ = 𝑆
ii. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐴′ = ∅
If A’ is the complement of an event A with respect to sample space S
then, 𝑃 𝐴′ = 1 − 𝑃 𝐴
Probability
An electronic chip factory can have 5 defective chips for every 100 it
produces. If five chips are selected at random, what is the probability of
getting at least one defective?