Relations and the Coordinate System

(1-6)

Objective: Represent relations.

Interpret graphs as relations.
Represent a Relation
• A coordinate system is formed by the
intersection of two number lines, the
horizontal axis and the vertical axis.
y

4
The plane containing
The vertical axis is (2, 3) the x- and y-axes is
3
also called the y-axis. the coordinate plane.
2
1
x

-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
Each point is named
-1 by an ordered pair.
The origin, at (0, 0), is
-2
the point where the
-3
axes meet.
-4
The horizontal axis is
-5
also called the x-axis.
Represent a Relation

• A point is represented on a graph using

ordered pairs.
• An ordered pair is a set of numbers, or
coordinates, written in the form (x, y).
• The x-value, called the x-coordinate,
represents the horizontal placement of the
point.
• The y-value, or y-coordinate, represents
the vertical placement of the point.
Represent a Relation

• A set of ordered pairs is called a

relation.
• A relation can be depicted in several
different ways.
• An equation can represent a relation as
well as graphs, tables, and mappings.
Represent a Relation
• A mapping illustrates how each element
of the domain is paired with an element
in the range.
• The set of first numbers of the ordered
pairs is the domain.
• The set of second numbers of the
ordered pairs is the range of the
relation.
Represent a Relation

• This mapping represents the ordered

pairs (-2, 4), (-1, 4), (0, 6), (1, 8), and
(2, 8).
Domain Range

-2
4
-1
6
0
8
1
2
Different Representations of
Relations
Ordered Pairs Graph Mapping
(1, 2) 4
y

(-2, 4) Domain Range

3

(0, -3) 2
1
x 1 2
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-1
Table -2 4
-2
-3 0 -3
X Y -4
-5
1 2
-2 4
0 -3
Represent a Relation

• The x-values of a relation are members

of the domain.
• The y-values of a relation are members
of the range.
Example 1

a. Express {(4, 3), (-2, -1), (2, -4), (0, -4)}

as a table, a graph, and a mapping.

4
y
Domain Range
X Y
3
4 3
2
-2 -1 1
4 3
2 -4 x

-2
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 -1
0 -4 -1
-2 2 -4
-3
-4
0
-5
Example 1

b. Determine the domain and range of the

relation.
• D = {-2, 0, 2, 4}
• R = {-4, -1, 3}
Represent a Relation
• In a relation, the value of the variable that
determines the output is called the
independent variable.
• The variable with a value that is dependent
on the value of the independent variable is
called the dependent variable.
• The domain contains the values of the
independent variable.
• The range contains the values of the
dependent variable.
Example 2

• Identify the independent and the

dependent variables for each relation.
a. In warm climates, the average amount of
electricity used rises as the daily average
temperature increases and falls as the
daily average temperature decreases.
• Independent Variable = temperature
• Dependent Variable = amount of electricity
used
Example 2

• Identify the independent and the

dependent variables for each relation.
b. The number of calories you burn
increases as the number of minutes that
you walk increases.
• Independent Variable = minutes you walk
• Dependent Variable = number of calories
burned
Graphs of a Relation

• A relation can be graphed without a

scale on either axis.
• These graphs can be interpreted by
analyzing their shape.
Example 3
• The graph represents the temperature in Ms. Ling’s
classroom on a winter day. Describe what happens
in the graph.
• The temperature increases as the heat is turned on.
• The thermostat then makes the temperature fluctuate slightly
up and down.
• Finally, the temperature drops when the heat is turned off.
 Check Your Progress

• Choose the best answer for the following.

A. Express the relation {(3, -2), (4, 6), (5, 2), (-1, 3)} as a mapping.

A. X Y B. 6
y

C. X Y D. X Y
3 -2 4
3 -2 -2 3
4 6 2
4 6 2 4
5 2 x

-2 2 4 6 5 2 6 5
-1 3
-2
-1 3 3 -1
Check Your Progress

• Choose the best answer for the following.

B. Determine the domain and range of the
relation {(3, -2), (4, 6), (5, 2), (-1, 3)}.
A. D = {-1, 3, 4, 5}; R = {-2, 2, 3, 6}
B. D = {-2, 2, 3, 6}; R = {-1, 3, 4, 5}
C. D = {-1, 3}; R = {-2, 2}
D. D = {4}; R = {4}
Check Your Progress
• Choose the best answer for the following.
• In a particular club, as membership dues
increase, the number of new members
decreases. Identify the independent and
dependent variable in this function.
A. The number of new members is the independent
variable. The dues is the dependent variable.
B. Membership dues is the independent variable. The
number of new members is the dependent variable.
C. X is the independent variable. Y is the dependent
variable.
D. Both variables are independent.
Check Your Progress

• Choose the best answer for the following.

• The area of a square increases as the length
of a side increases. Identify the independent
and dependent variable in this function.
A. The length of a side is independent, and the
area of the square is dependent.
B. The area is independent, and the side length is
dependent.
C. Both variables are independent.
D. Both variables are dependent.
Check Your Progress

• Choose the best answer for the following.

• The graph represents Macy’s speed as she
swims laps in a pool. Describe what is
happening in the graph.
A. Macy is doing bobs.
B. Macy’s speed increases as she crosses the
length of the pool, but then decreases to zero
when she turns around at the end of each lap.
C. Macy is swimming at a constant speed.
D. Macy’s speed continues to decrease.