FOOD AND BODY

NUTRITION
QUESTION:

1.Why do we eat? Or Why

does the body need food?

2. Why do living things need

nutrition?
 We eat……..
• Basically, we need to eat not only
because we are hungry, or
because we crave for some food,
but also because we need the
energy that the food we eat
provides.
 What is food?
• Food is any
substance which,
when absorbed
into your body
tissues, yields
materials for the
production of
energy.
 What is food?
• Food also provides
materials for
growth,
maintenance and
repair of body
tissues.
 What is NUTRITION?
• NUTRITION is the process by
which organisms obtain and use
food.
• *The chemicals in the body you
ingest is called “nutrients”.
 Two major groups of
nutrients
• Nutrients that provide your body
with energy. (energy nutrients)

• Nutrients that do not provide your

body with energy. (non-energy
nutrients)
 Two major groups of
nutrients
• Nutrients that provide your body
with energy. (energy nutrients)
*carbohydrates, fats & proteins
• Nutrients that do not provide your
body with energy. (non-energy
nutrients)
*water, minerals & vitamins
Biomolecules
You are what you eat!
 CARBOHYDRATES
1. Carbohydrates
- Are food nutrients
that mainly supply
energy.
- Digestion of most
carbohydrates ends
up with their
simplest form-
glucose.
 CARBOHYDRATES
- The process of
glucose
breakdown in cell
respiration
provides the cell
with its usable
energy or ATP.
(Adenosine Triphosphate)
 Suga
r
Starch
Carb
s
 SOURCES OF
CARBOHYDRATES

- Carbohydrates are found

in the sugar from beets,
cereals, sugarcane, milk,
sweetened juices, and
soft drinks. Suga
Carb
- Bread, cakes, cookies, s r
potatoes chips, and rice
are all form of a
polysaccharide type of Starch
carbohydrates.
How does our body
break down this
bread?
 Breaks down into
microscopic molecules

Loaf of bread Bread crumbs

Polysaccharide

Monosaccharide Disaccharide
TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES
Structure

Sugar
Many

Polysaccharid
TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES
Structure
Sugar
Two

Di
saccharide
TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES
Structure

Sugar
One

Monosacchari
 Function
 Provide QUICK energy to the body!
 Challenge: Explain what you think is happening
here. (at least 3 sentences)

Loaf of bread Bread crumbs Polysaccharide

Monosaccharide Disaccharide

The diagram shows a picture of bread (starch). It

also maps out the break down of carbohydrates
from their most complex form (polysaccharide) to
their least complex (monosaccharide). This
LIPIDS/FATS
 Breaks down into
microscopic molecules
Fats, oils, waxes,
steroids
 LOOK FOR THE “E”
Monomer:
3 fatty acids +
glycerol
 Function
 Made mainly of carbon and hydrogen
(few oxygen)
 Fat best method of STORING
 forms cell membranes
 Insulates nerve cells (myelin)
 Insulates body (maintains
homeostasis)
 Proteins aka….

Whey
Protein

Meat

Polypeptide
Peanut
butter
 Breaks down into
microscopic molecules
Polypeptide

Meat

Amino Acid
Monomer: amino acid
Polymer: polypeptide
Function of Proteins
 Provides us with building
blocks for life!
 Also regulate most functions
in a cell.
 Glycoproteins (antigens)
 Combines w/DNA to form
chromosomes
 Turns genes on and of
 Antibodies (fights disease)
Function of Proteins
 Provides structure &
strength (fibers)
 Transports molecules in &
out cells
 Hemoglobin (transports
O 2)
 Enzymes (speeds up
rxns)- has –ase suffix
 Acts as hormones
(insulin)- many proteins
have suffix of -in
Other Essential
Nutrients

Water
Minerals
Vitamins
 Water
 Water

The amount of water

that your body
varies depending
on environmental
conditions and the
nature of your
body activity.
 Water
¾ of your body’s
weight is water.
 Water regulates the
concentration of
mineral elements. It is
the means by which
food and other
valuable substances
are carried to the
cells.
 Water
 It helps in the removal
of waste substances
from the kidney.
 It is important in
regulating body
temperature
 Most of the body’s
chemical reactions
occur in water solutions.
 Minerals
 Minerals serve as
regulators of the
human body.
 Minerals dissolved in
the fluids of the body
regulate many of the
body processes.
Minerals
Minerals
 Vitamins
 Vitamins are organic
substances that are
present in very small
amounts in food. They
aid in normal growth and
diferent body activities.
 If vitamins are missing
from your diet,
deficiency diseases may
occur.
 Vitamins
 Vitamins are divided
into two groups on the
basis of the substance
in which they dissolve.
*water-soluble vitamins
*fat-soluble vitamins
 Vitamins
 WATER-SOLUBLE
VITAMINS
- Include vitamin C and
the B complex
members.
- They can be lost
through long exposure
to water or through
overcooking.
 Vitamins
 FAT- SOLUBLE VITAMINS
- Are found in food that
contains fat. Among
them are vitamins A, D,
and K.
Vitamins
Vitamins
 Activity
 Explain the following
questions.
1. How is the energy contained
in food measured?
2. Name the energy-giving
sources of food
3. When do carbohydrates turn
into fats?
 Activity
 Explain the following
questions.
4. What are the non-energy
nutrients? Why they are
called such?
5. What are the functions of
minerals and vitamins?
STEPHEN P. VIZCARRA
JHS Teacher - I
44
 ACTIVITY
• 1. Why does the body need food?
• 2. Why is it dangerous to skip a main
meal? What effect can this have on the
body?
• 3. How can we keep our digestive system
healthy?
• 4. What kind of food should we have more
of, what should we avoid?