GOOD AFTERNOON TO

ALL OF THESE

SUBJECT TO
EXHIBIT:
"GPS”
Hitori OF GPS
 EL GPS
 Entry into service in 1965
 The 60 departments of defense, transport and the
U.S. space agency (DoD, DoT and NASA
respectively) determines the satellite-based
position.
Hitori OF GPS
 GLOBABILIDAD REQUIREMENTS:
   Continuity
   Continuous operation without affecting the
weather conditions
   Highly dynamic (for possible use in aviation and
precision)
CONSTELACION TRANSIT
CONSTELACION TRANSIT

 worked with two signals at two frequencies (to

avoid errors due to ionospheric DISTURBANCE)
 The position calculation is based on continuous
measurement of the deviation of DOPPLER
FREQUENCY received signal and then compared
with tables and graphs. His error 250 m.
Greater importance in the navigation of submarines
and ships.
IONOSPHERIC
DISTURBANCES
DOPPLER FREQUENCY
PROBLEMS WITH THE FIRST GPS SATELLITE

 EE. UU. TRANSIT satellite and had many

problems.

 Russia invented its own satellite called TSICADA

 Rockell _CALIFORNIA agreed in the manufacture

of 28 satellites 170,000,000,000 pesetas. (One
hundred and seventy billion)
 
FIRST SATELLITE
In 1978, the entire constellation concrete 8 years later (1983 OPERATIONAL PHASE)
SHUTTLE CHALLENGER DISASTER
This delayed the project for the 28 satellites in 3 years
Vuelo civil de KOREAN AIRLINES
Blown by the Union shall Sovi © tica in 1984.
USSR = UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
REBIRTH OF GPS
New manufacturers as : TEXAS INSTRUMENTS Y TRIMBLE NAVIGATION
CURRENT GPS
 It is a success for the administration and U.S.
economy
 This has an impact on maintaining a 0 cost to the user
Maintain its civil and military applications.
 This applies Navigation system and mapping
applications: topography, cartography, geodesy, GIS
(geographic information system), recreational market
(mountaineering, sailing, expeditions of all kinds,
etc.)
 ¿What is GPS?
 The Global Positioning System GPS (English acronym of Global Positioning
System) is a method of positioning and navigation based on signals transmitted
by the NAVSTAR satellite constellation (English acronym Navigation Satellite
Timing And Ranging), which are received by Land-talkies. The multiple signals are
simultaneously received from the successive positions of the satellites, are used
to resolve ambiguities and to allow this, the three-dimensional positioning of the
point in learning. The GPS was developed by the Department of Defense United
States in order to improve navigation accuracy for land, marine and air, to
thereby provide precise geographical positioning anywhere in the world to users
on Earth by using portable receivers. Thus, the February 22, 1978 was put into
orbit the first of the NAVSTAR satellites, a date which marked a new milestone in
the history of navigation and geodesy worldwide. The GPS project initially
determined the release of a group of 10 satellites and experimental block, which
was designed to determine the effectiveness of the system. After such research,
was launched operating block, the June 26, 1993 placed in orbit the satellite
number 24, which was complete the constellation space that allows 24-hour
coverage anywhere in the world . Currently the accuracy of a GPS survey is
encrypted in the range of 3-10 meters in real time, ie at the time of
observation.?
 HOW THE GPS?

Knowing that an electromagnetic signal travels at the speed of light (C =

300.000 km / s) in vacuum is the key to understanding the operation of GPS.
Determining how long it takes to travel from the satellite signal receiver can
calculate the distance (d) that exists between them. Receiver position in a
Cartesian system X, Y could be calculated by the intersection when the
distances are calculated accurate to at least three satellites of known position.
n fact the GPS positioning is not so simple, but the anterior approach
anticipates the theoretical basis of the system
Let satellites take you to your destination
The operation is based on a receptor that, through the signals it receives from
various satellites fix your position on a map based in the receiver.
Let's see how the Garmin GPS called "GPS III Plus"
now out of print.
GPS parts:

 Satellites display: Indicates the position and intensity of the signal

received from the satellites and the state of battery shows the position
error estimate in meters (SPE) and dilution of precision (DOP).
Navigation Display: This display shows a complete information navigation aid. compass, speed,
time, sunrise and sunset, etc.
 Map display: Displays the current position, speed, time and distance to reach
the destination.

 Compass screen: Displays the current speed and distance to destination

waypoint, time to destination and the current time. The compass
indicates the current path and the destination point. There is the option
of watching the screen with large numbers in small compass.
 Highway display: It is like the compass screen but in this case emphasizes the
straight line to follow the desired course. She is employed at sea or desert
crossings

 Display information about the services of the next highway exit: indicates the next
exit and we can take all available Serbs
GPSIII + screen and MapSource: The GPS III + is compatible with maps from
MapSource Roads and Recreation. These maps provide greater detail the
background map gps.
Reliability of data:
Due to military GPS system, the Department of Defense
United States reserves the right to include a degree of
random error which can vary from 15 to 100 meters.
Although not currently apply that induced error, the GPS
alone provides an accuracy of about 0 to 15 meters.
Sources of error:
Signal delay in the ionosphere and troposphere.
Multipath signal produced by the bounce of the signal in
buildings and mountains nearby.
Orbital errors, where data from the satellite's orbit is not
completely accurate.
Number of visible satellites.
Geometry of visible satellites.
Local errors in the GPS clock.
Differential GPS:

DGPS (Differetial GPS) or Differential GPS is a system that provides GPS receivers
corrections to the data received from GPS satellites. These corrections, once
implemented, will provide greater accuracy in the calculated position.
The corrections system works as follows:
A base station on land with well-defined coordinates, listen to the GPS satellites.
Calculates its position by the data received from satellites.
Since its position is well defined, estimates the error between true position and
calculated by estimating the error in each satellite.
It sends these corrections to the receiver through some medium.
There are several ways to get DGPS corrections. The most commonly used are:
Received by radio through a channel prepared for it, as the RDS on an FM station.
Downloaded from the Internet with a wireless connection.
Provided by a satellite system designed for that purpose. In the U.S. there is
WAAS, Europe EGNOS and MSAS in Japan, all compatible.
DGPS corrections to be valid, the receiver must be relatively close to a DGPS
station, usually less than a thousand kilometers.
The accuracy achieved may be about two meters in latitude and longitude, and
about three meters in altitude.
 Applications:

Navigation on land, sea and air. Quite a few cars now

incorporate it being particularly useful for finding
addresses or indicate the status of the crane.
Surveying and geodesy. Location agriculture (precision
farming).
Rescue.
Sports, camping and leisure.
For sick and disabled.
Scientific applications in fieldwork.
Geocaching, activity involving the search for "treasures"
hidden by other users
Waypoints:

Waypoints are coordinates of points of reference used in GPS-based navigation.

In GPS receivers can store the coordinates (latitude and longitude) of a specific
point, whether or intermediate destination on the route, for later reference.
With this type of application (Waypoints) is possible using a GPS unit on the
ground and through a set of maps to pinpoint the availability of many points of
interest that would be even categorized by a specific application filters to
perform based on the map in those categories, so we would have a list like the
following:
1.Aeropuertos (01,020,345)
1.1 John F. Kennedy
1.2 The Guard
1.3 International Airport of the Americas
2.Restaurantes (02,030,405)
2.1Burger King
2.2 Mc Donalds
2.3Wendy's
2.4Taco Bell