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ÿ Objective
ÿ History of Cloud Computing
ÿ Definitions
ÿ Cloud Characteristics, Types and
Deployment Models
ÿ Issues
ÿ Clouds vs. Traditional
ÿ Recap - Economics - Next Steps
ÿ Q&A
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To provide a general overview of cloud
computing including:
ÿ How could affect my future business
ÿ Is the cloud for me and my business
ÿ What are some of the issues I should
consider
ÿ Why should this be important to me

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ÿ 6Comes from the early days of the Internet
where we drew the network as a cloud͙ we
didn͛t care where the messages went͙ the cloud
hid it from us͟ ʹ Kevin Marks, Google
ÿ First cloud around networking (TCP/IP
abstraction)
ÿ Second cloud around documents (WWW data
abstraction)
ÿ The emerging cloud combines the infrastructure
complexities of servers, applications, data, and
heterogeneous platforms
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ÿ Œ
 - John McCarthy opined that "computation may someday be
organized as a public utility"
ÿ Early Œ s ʹ The term 6cloud͟ comes into commercial use referring
to large networks and the advancement of the Internet.
ÿ Œ ʹ Salesforce.com is established, providing an 6on demand͟
SaaS (Software as a Service).
ÿ 2Œ ʹ IBM details the SaaS concept in their 6Autonomic Computing
Manifesto͟
ÿ 2 ʹ Amazon provides access to their excess capacity on a utility
computing and storage basis
ÿ 2 ʹ Google, IBM, various Universities embark on a large scale
cloud computing research project
ÿ 2 ʹ Gartner says cloud computing will 6shape the relationship
among consumers of IT services, those who use IT services and
those who sell them͟

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ÿ °ots of confusion
ÿ Several different 6loosely applied͟ definitions
ÿ a style of computing in which massively
scalable IT-related capabilities are provided
"as a service" using Internet technologies to
multiple external customers

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 Continued
ÿ an internal or external 6cloud enabled͟ service
offering
ÿ the provision of dynamically scalable and
often virtualized resources as a service over
the Internet.
ÿ a general term for anything that involves
delivering hosted services over the Internet.

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 Continued
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(NIST Definition, National Institute of Standards and Technology)
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ÿ On-demand self-service
ÿ Broad network access (Internet)
ÿ Resource pooling
°ocation independence
ÿ Rapid elasticity
ÿ Measured service

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ÿ Cloud computing often leverages:
Massive and Rapid scalability
Homogeneity
Virtualization
Resilient computing
°ow cost software
Geographic distribution, (many datacenters)
Service orientation
Advanced security technologies
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ÿ Private Cloud (a.k.a. Internal Cloud)
enterprise owned or leased
ÿ Community Cloud (a.k.a. External Cloud)
shared infrastructure for specific community
ÿ Public cloud (a.k.a. External Cloud)
Sold to the public, mega-scale infrastructure
ÿ Hybrid cloud
composition of two or more clouds

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ÿ Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS)
Use provider͛s applications over a network
ÿ Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Deploy customer-created applications to a cloud
ÿ Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Rent processing, storage, network capacity, and other
fundamental computing resources

o To be considered 6cloud͟ services are deployed

on top of cloud infrastructure that has the key
characteristics

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ÿ Security (number Œ concern)
ÿ Performance
ÿ Availability
ÿ °ack of Standards
ÿ Inability to Customize
ÿ Hard to Integrate with current in-house IT
ÿ Regulatory requirements
ÿ Note enough suppliers yet

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ÿ Clouds are massively complex systems that can be
reduced to simple primitives that are replicated
thousands of times
ÿ These complexities create many issues related to
security as well as all aspects of Cloud computing
ÿ Clouds typically have a single security architecture
but have many customers with different demands
ÿ Cloud security issues may drive and define how we
adopt and deploy cloud computing solutions
ÿ Highly sensitive data is likely to be on private clouds
where organizations have complete control over
their security model
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ÿ Trusting vendor͛s security model
ÿ Where is the data stored and who is securing it
ÿ Inability to respond to audit requirements
ÿ Indirect administrator accountability
ÿ °oss of physical control
ÿ Data retention / backup standards
ÿ Redundancy / Disaster Recovery
ÿ Handling Compliance
÷ G°BA, HIPAA, SOX, PCY
÷ State laws
÷ International ʹ EU Data Protection Directive
÷ FTC Scrutiny
÷ SAS  Audits

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ÿ Core objectives and principles that cloud
computing must meet to be successful:
Security
Scalability
Availability
Performance
Cost-effective
Acquire resources on demand
Release resources when no longer needed
Pay for what you use
°everage others͛ core competencies
Turn fixed cost into variable cost
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ÿ Peer to Peer ÿ Software as a Service
BOINC, Skype GoogleApps, Salesforce,
ÿ Web Apps SpringCM
Facebook, Twitter, YouTube ÿ Storage
ÿ Security as a Service Content Distribution
ÿ BitTorret, Amazon
Message°abs, Purewire, CloudFront
ScanSafe, Zscaler
Sychronisation
ÿ Software plus services ÿ °iveMesh
Microsoft Online Services

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ÿ Three distinct characteristics that differentiate
clouds from traditional hosting
It is sold on demand
ÿ Typically by the minute or the hour
It is elastic
ÿ A user can have as much or as little of a service as they
want at any given time
The service is fully managed by the provider
ÿ The consumer needs nothing but a personal computer
and Internet access

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ÿ Estimates vary widely on possible cost savings
÷ 6If you move your data center to a cloud provider, it
will cost a tenth of the cost.͟ ʹ Brian Gammage, Gartner Fellow
ÿ Use of cloud applications can reduce costs from 
to  - CTO of Washington D.C.
ÿ IT resource subscription pilot demonstrated a 2 cost
savings - Alchemy Plus cloud (backing from Microsoft)
ÿ 6Using Cloud infrastructure saves Œ to 2 before
considering that you no longer need to buy peak
capacity͟ ʹ George Reese, founder Valtira and enStratus
ÿ When implementing Cloud you must consider other
costs which may not be apparent today.
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ÿ Clouds
Provide internet based services
Available on demand
And fully managed by the provider
There is no one 6Cloud͟. There are many models and
architectures
ÿ Clouds let you
Avoid CapEx on hardware, software, and service
Share infrastructure and cost
°ower management overhead
Access a large range of apps

ÿ Many questions still remain!!!

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