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Note: All limits are expressed “less than” the value specified (e.g., < 0.100 ppm)
Impact of feedwater quality on
boiler operational efficiency
Fuel-to-steam efficiency
o Fuel is 70 – 80% of boiler operating costs
Fuel
o Water & Sewer costs 3 – 5%
o But - Feedwater quality has enormous
impact on boiler efficiency
& fuel costs Water & Sewer
Reliability and availability
Energy Loss Versus
o Industry statistics – ScaleThickness
Tube failures due to 7
6
waterside mechanisms
unscheduled Boiler 0
1/64 1/32 3/64 1/16
Advantages Limitations
3
2.5
Demin.
2
$/kgal
wdegas,neutr
1.5
RO Linear (wdegas,neutr)
1
0.5
0
100 312 473
TDS, ppm Capital and operating
cost of
RO included
RO preceeding Demineralizer
Example with more expensive water and sewerage
RO cost justified above approx. 400 ppm TDS
RO value to precede demin, $1.50/kgal raw
water, $2.00/kgal waste
5
4.5
4
3.5
RO
3
$/kgal
2.5 wdegas,neutr
2 Linear (wdegas,neutr)
1.5
1
0.5
0 Capital and operating
100 312 473 cost of
TDS, ppm
RO included
Case 1 Summary - RO in front of
Demineralizer Annual cost savings based
on water production and savings per
$600,000 1000 gallons
$500,000
Annual Savings
$400,000
$0.50
$300,000 $0.75
$1.00
$200,000
$100,000
$0
100 250 500 1000
Flowrate GPM (24/7/365 basis)
Case 2 - Potential Benefits
Conversion from Softened to RO
• Improved steam purity make-up
> Process/Turbine
t c on
o si
Dep
nt Condensate Corrosion
J oi
io n
ans
x p
E lure
i
Fa
A look at
fuel and
water
savings
when
increasing
boiler
cycles
noting a
natural cost
of $8 per
decatherm.
Potential Energy Loss Versus
Waterside Scale Thickness
Iron & Silica
7 High Iron Content
6
Energy Loss (%)
5
4
3 "Normal" Scale
2
1
0
1/64 1/32 3/64 1/16
Scale Thickness (Inches)
Saving Water & Energy
is a Big Win in Every Way,
and the creative use of Membrane solutions
for Boilers can help you to make it happen
at your facility!