Lecture 08

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerances

Please sit with your team

Hardcopy of SW parts 4 and 5 due W 9/26

Read Chapters 2 and 14 - Quiz 4 on F 9/28

Learning Factory machining training must be

completed by ????

Mid-term exam R 10/11 6:30-7:45 112 Kern

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Geometric Dimensioning

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Tolerance Stacking

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 Common Dimensioning Errors

Drawing should not be cluttered

All dimensions including hole DIA, position
and depth must be shown
Use leader lines, no dimensions on the body of
the part
No redundant dimensions
Never dimension from the edge of a hole,
always from its center
No overlapping dimension lines or arrows
Dimension from one edge only
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 Common Dimensioning Errors
Title block must contain

Default tolerances

Name of drafter

Name of checker (if applicable)

Team ID and names of members

Date

Part Designation

Material
Appropriate tolerances on dimensions
balancing the need for accuracy with
machining realities

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 Common Dimensioning Errors
Use ANSI dimension standard (Tools- Options
- Document Properties)
Do not place dimensions or notes on the
isometric view
A feature such as a hole should only have only
one note attached to it
Never use notes on more than one view.
Show hidden lines on the 3 planar views


 Recommendations and Tips

Use heavy "Thick(2)" line weight for part edges to

provide visible contrast with dimension lines (to
change, right click on drawing view, select
Component Line Font, Visible Edges, Thick(2) line
weight)

Before adding a hole with Hole Wizard, sketch a

point at the desired center position and smart
dimension it immediately, then use hole wizard.


 Why Do We Need Tolerances?

To produce interchangeable parts

Assure that mating parts can be assembled and
disassembled with ease
Assure that interference fits can sustain
operating loads without slip or separation

Codified in ANSI Standard B4.1-1967, R1979

The choice of tolerance is a compromise:

Loose tolerances = low manufacturing cost, easy
assembly

Tight tolerances = interchangeability, functionality,
precision
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Standard
Tolerances

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 Impact of Tolerances on Machining Cost

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 Types of Fits
Clearance

clearance is guaranteed under all conditions)
Transition

could be clearance or interference
Interference

guaranteed under all conditions





RC Running or sliding clearance
LC Locational clearance
LT Locational transition clearance or
interference
LN Locational interference
FN Force or shrink fit
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 Selecting Clearance Fits

Class of Fit Intended Application

RC1 °
  

â for accurate location with no perceptible play

RC2   
for accurate location, parts move and turn easily but are not
intended to run freely. In larger sizes, parts may seize as a result of small
temperature changes
RC3 
 
 for precision work at slow speeds and light loads, the
closest fit that can be expected to run freely
RC4 °
 
 accurate machinery at moderate speeds and loads,
provides accurate location and minimum play
RC5-6  
 for higher speeds and/or higher loads

RC7  
 accuracy is not essential or large temperature changes are
expected
RC8 

 
 intended where larger commercial (as-received)
tolerances may be advantageous or necessary
RC9 

 


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 Clearance Fits

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Based on a 1´ hole and shaft, ANSI Std B4.1-1967, R1979

Ref: Machinery¶s Handbook |V
 Example

It is desired to have a nominal 1/2´ shaft run

freely, at slow speed, but with minimal play.
How should the shaft and hole diameters be
specified?

># $ $

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 Running and Sliding Fits
%
  

¢

"

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 Force and Shrink Fits

Class of Fit Intended Application

FN 1 Light drive fitâ light pressure required

to assemble mating parts, relatively
permanent assemblies
FN 2 Medium drive fitâ suitable for ordinary
steel parts, or shrink fits for light
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&
  


sections

  '

FN 3 Heavy drive fitâ suitable for heavier steel '' 
 
parts, or shrink fits for medium sections


  ( 

 

FN 4 Force fitâ suitable for parts that can be ' 
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highly stressed, or shrink fits where the 
   
 *+'
heavy pressing forces required for

 

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assembly would be impractical

,
   

FN 5 For even higher interference pressures 
 )''

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Preferred Basic Sizes (English)

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Machine
Screws

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 Project 2 Part 1- Reverse Engineering
Objective

Reverse engineer and document the part provided
such that an experienced machinist can reproduce
the part without having the original

Skills practiced

Use of reverse engineering as a design tool

Metrology (calipers, micrometers, hole gauge,
thread gauge)

CAD and dimensioning

Fits and tolerances

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Project 2 Part 1 - Reverse Engineering
(continued)

Procedure
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 For Next Class

SW parts 4 and 5 due W 9/26

Read Chapters 2 and 14 - Quiz 4 on F 9/28
Read handout on ³Razor Wars´ for W 9/26
Please bring your journals to class on W 9/26
Individual SW drawing due on F 9/28

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