CHAPTER 3:

MATTER
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What is matter?

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WHAT IS MATTER?
 All living & non-living things on Earth are
made up of matter.

 It is made up of matter has mass and

occupied space (mempunyai jisim &
memenuhi ruang).

 Examples of matter: book, water, animal

 Examples of non-matter: heat, sound, light

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ACTIVITY 1:
Aim:
To show that air (matter) has a mass.

Procedure:
1. The wooden stick is placed in a
balanced position.
2. Balloon B is then pricked with a
needle where a piece of cellophane
tape has been placed.

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Observation:
Air in balloon B leaks out and the
wooden stick slopes to the left.

Conclusion:
Air has mass.

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ACTIVITY 2:
Aim:
To show that air (matter) occupies
space.

Procedure:

- An empty beaker is pressed into water

in a basin.

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Observation:
Water does not enter the beaker.

Conclusion:
Air occupies space.

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EXERCISE:
1. What is matter?
………………………………………………….

2. State three examples of

(a) matter: ……………………..
………………………….
………………………….
(b) non-matter: …………………..
………………………....
………………………….
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TEST YOURSELF
1. Diagram below shows two balloons
which are balanced on straw.

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(a) What happens when balloons P and
Q are filled with air?
…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………

(b) What inference can be made from

the observation in (a)?
…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………

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(c) What happens when balloon P is
pricked through the cellophane tape
with a pin?
…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………

(d) What conclusion can you make from

this investigation?
…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………

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STATES OF MATTER

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Basic Structure of Matter

 Matter is made up of very small

particles (zarah) called atoms or
molecules.

 Atom – smallest particles.

 Molecule – group of two or more

atoms which are chemically bonded.

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ACTIVITY: To show that matter is made up of
particles.
Procedure:

1. Pour about 100 ml of water into a beaker.

2. Put a few crystal of copper (II) sulphate into
the water. Stir the water with a glass rod.
3. Look at the copper (II) sulphate solution
with a magnifying glass.
4. Add another 50 ml of water into the beaker.
Stir the solution in the beaker. Look at what
happens to the colour of the solution.

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Observation:

The blue colour of the copper

(II) sulphate solution slowly
spreads out and turns the water
blue.

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Questions:
 Can you see the copper (II) sulphate particles
in the solution with a magnifying glass?

 What happens to the copper (II) sulphate

particles when they are put into water?

 What causes the water to appear blue?

 Why does the colour of the solution become

lighter when more water is added?

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Three States of Matter
 Matter exists in either a solid, liquid
or gaseous state.

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Comparison on three states of matter
PROPERTIES SOLID LIQUID GAS
Arrangement of Close, compact Further apart Very far apart
particles and orderly
Movement of Vibrate in a fixed Move freely Move freely
particles position and very fast
(randomly)
Shape fixed According to According to
the container the container
Volume fixed fixed According to
the container
Kinetic energy Low Medium High
content
Density High Medium Low
Force of attraction Very strong Not very Very weak
strong
Ability to be No Very difficult Easily
compressed compressed
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CONCEPT OF DENSITY

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Which box
has more
mass??

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DENSITY
 Density is the mass per unit volume
of a substance.

 Density = mass
volume
m
 unit: g / cm³

d v

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DENSITY

Why some objects and liquids float and

sink?

 if less dense than water – float (timbul)

 if more dense than water – sink
(tenggelam)

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 What affects density?

 mass
 volume
 temperature
 type of materials

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