LDSS Presentation:

Group 4
 Agenda
1) What is cloud computing?

2) Public cloud uses

3) Cloud computing as a disruptive business model

4) Differences between cloud computing and information

asset ownership.
5) Benefits of cloud computing and information asset
ownership

6) The 10 obstacles and opportunities of cloud computing

 1) What is Cloud Computing?

Got its name from the cloud symbol that’s often used to represent the Internet in flowcharts and diagrams

A “general term for anything that involves delivering

hosted services over the Internet.” (Networks, Servers, Storage, Applications)
that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management
effort or service provider interaction.

 Delivery models
 Software as a service (SaaS)
 Platform as a service (PaaS)
 Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
 2) Public Cloud Uses
Available to clients from a 3rd party service provider via the internet.
User is provided with access control mechanism.

• End user access data or App in the
cloud via any browser on any device by
use of a password.
• Data stored and managed in the cloud
• Apps include email hosting & social
networking sites
• Enterprise uses cloud to deliver data &
services to an end user
• End user can be someone within or an
external customer
• Enterprise use the cloud services for its
• Two enterprises using the same
internal processes
cloud. The focus here is
• Use cloud storage for backups or
hosting resources in the cloud so that
storage of seldom-used data
applications from the enterprises can
• Use VMs in the cloud to bring additional
interoperate. A supply chain is the
processors to handle peak loads
most obvious example .
• Uses Apps in the cloud for certain
enterprise functions (email, CRM, HR
etc)
 3) Cloud computing as a disruptive
business model
Cloud is when a service provider stores
your data on their servers. For example
a Edulink, UJ creates you a login
number and a password and they store
your test results, course(Data), in there
data base which you access remotely.

What does cloud computing mean

for businesses ?
A business can increase their
infrastructure without having to spend
on training new staff, licensing new
Data Business Presentation
layer
software or upgrading IT systems. Cost
resource logic reductions due to off site databases and
servers.
 3) Cloud computing as a disruptive
business model (cont)
• A disruptive innovation is one that makes previous technology
redundant.
IE: When CD’s and DVD were brought out it disrupted
the tape market

• Could cloud be a disruptive innovation as it will soon be replacing the

in house servers and databases held by companies, with outsourced
servers and data bases to service providers and as cloud computing and
services are becoming cheaper, faster, and easier to use.
IE: CD and Tapes

• If one was to incorporate cloud in a business model, the

model would be streamline or lean as the business’s costs
are kept low.
 3) Cloud computing as a disruptive
business model (cont)
Cloud computing would “disrupt” the original business model with one
that is leaner with faster response times
The business also converts capital costs of IT infrastructure, to an
operating expenses as the only cost is to the service provider
IF we upgrade technology,
then the capabilities
(people, processes and
technology) of the business
increase, which strengthens
partnerships

The end result is greater

profit and shareholder
satisfaction.
4) Difference between cloud computing
and information asset ownership
Cloud computing is not a descriptive model, but a descriptive IT
delivery model that leverages key technology ideas in order to
deliver IT in a much more efficient model.

It is called a cloud because it does not matter where the data is, as
long as it is there and is accessible. (eg: facebook)

The different data links such as HTTP/HTML enabled the cloud

system.

Clouds became elastic because you only pay for what you use thus
cloud computing can be seen as a disruptive innovation.
4) Difference between cloud computing
and information asset ownership (cont)
• The rise of cloud computing can change the way companies manage
their technology assets and computing needs.

• Due to the continued exponential growth of electronic data the

information infrastructure that exists throughout the world cannot
keep up with the ongoing demand.

• From both an economic and environmental perspective cloud

computing is a viable option

• This is why cloud computing is has increased in enterprise popularity.

4) Difference between cloud computing
and information asset ownership (cont)
 Asset ownership is recorded information of value. It is assigned to a
business owner who is responsible for its care, custody and control.
 The management and maintenance of the information technology
environment is best be achieved through consolidated ownership.
 The information asset classification is its systematic labelling to indicate a
specific set of protective controls based on its sensitivity to:

a) Destruction: Vital records, this is information that the organisation

requires to continue functioning
b) Modification: information that was compromised integrity eg:
payroll
c) Disclosure: information that has a proprietary nature and if it is
revealed it can cause harm eg: price changes
 5) Benefits of cloud computing and
information asset ownership
Cloud computing Information asset ownership
• Reduced Cost  Increase return on assets
paid incrementally, thus saving meaning an increase in capital
organisations money assets and financial reserves

• Increased Storage  Cost saving

organisations can save more data it benefits one time cash
than on private computer systems infusion

• Allows IT to shift focus  Automates mass creation of assets

no longer need to worry about because mass creation of assets is
constant server updates and other created this results in reducing manual
computing issues intervention
 6) The 10 Obstacles and Opportunities of
Cloud Computing (Berkeley Paper)
Obstacle 1: Obstacle 2:
Availability of a Service Data Lock-In
Obstacles: • Obstacle:
- Organizations worry whether Utility - APIs for Cloud Computing are still
Computing services will have adequate essentially proprietary. Customers
availability cannot easily extract their data and
programs from one site to run on
- Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) another.
attacks.
Opportunity: • Opportunity:
- Standardise APIs
- Provision of multiple Cloud Computing
- Introduce “Surge Computing,”
providers

- Utility Computing offers SaaS providers

the opportunity to defend against DDoS
attacks by using quick scale-up
 6) The 10 Obstacles and Opportunities
of Cloud Computing (cont)
Obstacle 3:
Data Confidentiality and
Auditability
 Obstacle:
- Current cloud offerings are public (rather
than private) networks, exposing the
system to more attacks
- Many nations have laws requiring SaaS
providers to keep customer data and
copyrighted material within national
boundaries
 Opportunity:
- Technologies such as encrypted storage,
Virtual Local Area Networks, and
network middleboxes (e.g. firewalls,
packet filters) can be used
- Accommodate National Laws via
Geographical Data Storage
Obstacle 4:
Data Transfer Bottlenecks
• Obstacle:
- Applications continue to become
more data-intensive, which may
complicate data placement and
transport.
• Opportunity:
- Overcome the high cost of Internet
transfers by using ship disks
- Find other reasons to make it
attractive to keep data in the cloud
- Try to reduce the cost of WAN
bandwidth more quickly. Both WAN
bandwidth and intra-cloud
networking technology can become
performance bottlenecks.
 6) The 10 Obstacles and Opportunities of
Cloud Computing (cont)
Obstacle 5: Obstacle 6:
Performance Unpredictability Scalable Storage
 Obstacle:
• Obstacle:
- I/O sharing is problematic in Cloud Computing -
How can the properties of cloud computing
I/O = input/output. Represents any program, (short-term usage, no up-front cost, and
operation or device that transfers data to or from
a computer and to or from a peripheral device.
infinite capacity on demand) be supported by
(Eg: A keyboard and mouse are input-only persistent storage?
devices, printers are output-only. A writable CD-
ROM is both). • Opportunity:
- This is an open research problem
- Scheduling of virtual machines is not
appropriate for high performance computing - Invent a scalable store
(HPC)
- Attempt to create a storage system that
 Opportunity: would meet these needs and combine them
- Improve architectures and operating systems to with the cloud advantages of scaling
efficiently virtualise interrupts and I/O channels. arbitrarily and meet programmer
- Use flash memory to reduce I/O interference
- Offer “gang scheduling” for Cloud Computing
 6) The 10 Obstacles and Opportunities of
Cloud Computing (cont)
Obstacle 7:
Bugs in Large-Scale
Distributed Systems
Obstacle:
- Bugs cannot be reproduced in smaller
configurations, so the debugging must
occur at scale in the production data
centres.
Opportunity:
- Develop new approaches to debugging
- Rely on virtual machines (VMs). A VM is
‘an efficient, isolated duplicate of a real
machine’.
- VMs make it possible to capture
important data that would otherwise
unavailable.
Obstacle 8:
• Obstacle:
Scaling Quickly
- Scaling up and down quickly in response to
load in order to save money
- Overcome hassles of configuration
(tendency to leave machines idle overnight
so that nothing has to be done to get
started when developers return to work the
next day)
• Opportunity:
- Invent an Auto-Scaler that automatically
adjusts
the scale as required. Achieved through
machine learning
- Scale to conserve resources and money
(increases efficiency and reduces environmental
impact)
- Overcome configuration hassles through the
 6) The 10 Obstacles and Opportunities of
Cloud Computing (cont)
Obstacle 9:
Reputation Fate Sharing
Obstacle:
 One customer’s bad behaviour can affect
the reputation of the cloud as a whole. Eg:
Spam
 A legal issue is the transfer of legal liability
—Cloud Computing providers would want
legal liability to remain with the customer
and not be transferred to them (i.e., the
company sending the spam should be held
liable, not Amazon).
Opportunity:
 Create reputation-guarding services similar
to the “trusted email” services currently
offered (for a fee) to services hosted on
smaller ISP’s
Obstacle 10:
Software Licensing
• Obstacle:
- Current software licenses commonly restrict
the
computers on which the software can run
- Many cloud computing providers originally
relied
on open source software because the licensing
model for commercial software is not a good
match to Utility Computing
- Pay-as-you-go for Cloud Computing does not
satisfy the sales force needs. Difficult to track
quarterly sales.
• Opportunity:
- Encourage the use of open source software
- Commercial software companies could change
their licensing structure to better fit Cloud
Computing. Eg: Pay-as-you-go software licensing
References:
Armbrust et al., 2009. Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of
Cloud Computing [Online]. Available :
http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2009/EECS-
2009-28.pdf
Webopedia. 2011. I/O. [Online]. Available:
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/I_O.html (Accessed 7
Feb)
CPNI. 2010. Information Security Briefing – Cloud Computing.
[Online]. Available:
http://www.cpni.gov.uk/Docs/cloud-computing-briefing.pdf
(Accessed 8 Feb)