FREQUENCY

DISTRIBUTION
 OBJECTIVES:
 Acquire knowledge on the
basic concept of frequency
distribution table, range,
class width, class limits,
class boundaries, and class
marks.
Identify the class size,
class marks, class
boundaries, and class limits
for the given frequency
distribution table.
Construct a frequency
distribution table
RECALL
 Classify the ff as discrete
or continuous data:
 Shoe sizes
 actual lengths of feet
 No.of students in AC – high
school
 Male teachers in AC
 Temperature of the room
 Among campus vending machines,
14 are found to be defective.
 Today's records show that 5
students were absent.
 The car weighs 1430 kilograms.
 Among all SAT scores last year, 23
were perfect.
 Radar indicated that the driver
was going 72.4 mph.
 Essential Questions:
What is a frequency
distribution table?
What are the basic
concepts needed in
constructing a frequency
distribution table?
A frequency distribution
table lists categories of
scores along with their
corresponding
frequencies.
 The frequency for a
particular category or
class is the number of
original scores that fall
into that class.
 The classes or
categories refer to the
groupings of a
frequency table
 Therange is the difference
between the highest value
and the lowest value.

R = highest value – lowest value

 The class width is the
difference between two
consecutive lower class limits
or class boundaries.
 The class limits are the
smallest or the largest
numbers that can actually
belong to different classes.
 Lower class limits are the
smallest numbers that can
actually belong to the
different classes.
 Upper class limits are the
largest numbers that can
actually belong to the
different classes.
 The class boundaries are obtained
by increasing the upper class limits
and decreasing the lower class limits
by the same amount so that there
are no gaps between consecutive
under classes. The amount to be
added or subtracted is ½ the
difference between the upper limit
of one class and the lower limit of
the following class.
class marks are the
midpoints of the
classes
 Essential Question :
How do we construct a
frequency distribution
table?
Process of Constructing
a Frequency Table
STEP 1: Determine the

range.

R = Highest Value – Lowest Value

 STEP 2. Determine the
tentative number of classes (k)

k = 1 + 3.322 log N

 Always round – off

 Note: The number of classes should be
between 5 and 20. The actual number of
classes may be affected by convenience
or other subjective factors
 STEP 3. Find the class width
by dividing the range by the
number of classes.
Range R
class width = ⇔ c=
number of classes k

(Always round – off )

 STEP 4. Write the classes or
categories starting with the
lowest score. Stop when the class
already includes the highest
score.
 Add the class width to the starting point to get the
second lower class limit. Add the class width to the
second lower class limit to get the third, and so on.
List the lower class limits in a vertical column and
enter the upper class limits, which can be easily
identified at this stage.
 STEP 5. Determine the
frequency for each class by
referring to the tally columns
and present the results in a
table.
When constructing frequency
tables, the following guidelines
should be followed.
 The classes must be mutually
exclusive. That is, each score
must belong to exactly one
class.
 Include all classes, even if the
frequency might be zero.
 Allclasses should have the
same width, although it is
sometimes impossible to avoid
open – ended intervals such as
“65 years or older”.
 The number of classes should
be between 5 and 20.
 Let’s Try!!!
 Time magazine collected
information on all 464 people who
died from gunfire in the Philippines
during one week. Here are the ages
of 50 men randomly selected from
that population. Construct a
frequency distribution table.
19 18 30 40 41 33 73 25
23 25 21 33 65 17 20 76
47 69 20 31 18 24 35 24
17 36 65 70 22 25 65 16
24 29 42 37 26 46 27 63
21 27 23 25 71 37 75 25
27 23
 Determine the range.
R = Highest Value – Lowest Value
R = 76 – 16 = 60
Determine the tentative number
of classes (K).
K = 1 + 3. 322 log N
= 1 + 3.322 log 50
= 1 + 3.322 (1.69897)
= 6.64
*Round – off the result to the next integer
if the decimal part exceeds 0.
K=7
 Find the class width (c).

Range R
class width = ⇔ c=
number of classes k

60
c= = 8.57 = 9
7

 * Round – off the quotient if the decimal

part exceeds 0.
Write the classes starting with
lowest score.
Classes Tally Marks Freq.

70 – 78 ///// 5
61 – 69 ///// 5
52 – 60 // 0
43 – 51 /////-// 2
34 – 42 /////-/////-//// 7
25 – 33 /////-/////-/////-// 14
16 – 24 17
Using Table:
 What is the lower class limit
of the highest class? Upper
class limit of the lowest class?
 Find the class mark of the
class 43 – 51.
 What is the frequency of the
class 16 – 24?
Classes Class Tally Marks Freq. x
boundaries

70 – 78 69.5 – 78.5 ///// 5 74

61 – 69 60.5 – 69.5 ///// 5 65
52 – 60 51.5 – 60.5 0 56
43 – 51 42.5 – 51.5 // 47
34 – 42 33.5 – 42.5 /////-// 2 38
25 – 33 24.5 – 33.5 /////-/////-//// 7 29
16 – 24 15.5 – 24.5 /////-/////-/////-// 14 20
17
 CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
 The less than cumulative frequency
distribution (F<) is constructed by adding
the frequencies from the lowest to the
highest interval while the more than
cumulative frequency distribution (F>)
is constructed by adding the frequencies
from the highest class interval to the
lowest class interval.
Classes Freq. F< F>

70 – 78 5 5 45 + 5= 50
61 – 69 5 5 + 5 = 10 40 + 5= 45
52 – 60 0 10 + 0 = 10 40 + 0= 40
43 – 51 2 10 + 2 = 12 38 + 2= 40
34 – 42 7 12 + 7 = 19 31 + 7= 38
25 – 33 14 19 + 14 = 33 17 + 14 = 31
16 – 24 17 33 + 17 = 50 17
 RELATIVE FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
 A Relative frequency distribution indicates
the proportion of the total number of
observations that is occurring in each interval.
That is,
frequency of each class interval f
relative frequency (rf )= ⇔ rf =
total number of observations n
 Relative frequencies may be expressed in percent.
Hence a relative frequency table is also called
percentage frequency distribution
Classes Freq. rf rf%

70 – 78 5 5/50 = 0.1 10%

61 – 69 5 5/50 = 0.1 10%
52 – 60 0 0/50 =0 0%
43 – 51 2 2/50 = 0.04 4%
34 – 42 7 7/50 = 0.14 14%
25 – 33 14 14/50 = 0.28 28%
16 – 24 17 17/50 = 0.34 34%

N = 50 1.00 100%
 Note: A Relative cumulative
frequency distribution may be
constructed using relative
frequencies of the cumulative
frequency “less than” or “more
than”.